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• 151. [Image] Utilization of geothermal energy in the mining and processing of tungsten ore: Final report

  	The engineering, economic, and environmental feasibility of the use of low and moderate temperature geothermal heat in the mining and processing of tungsten ore is explored. The following are covered: ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Utilization of geothermal energy in the mining and processing of tungsten ore: Final report Author: Erickson, M.V. Year: 1981 The engineering, economic, and environmental feasibility of the use of low and moderate temperature geothermal heat in the mining and processing of tungsten ore is explored. The following are covered: general engineering evaluation, design of a geothermal energy system, economics, the geothermal resource, the institutional barriers assessment, environmental factors, an alternate geothermal energy source, and alternates to geothermal development. (MHR); DOE/ET/27232-T5 Title: Utilization of geothermal energy in the mining and processing of tungsten ore: Final report Author: Erickson, M.V. Year: 1981 The engineering, economic, and environmental feasibility of the use of low and moderate temperature geothermal heat in the mining and processing of tungsten ore is explored. The following are covered: general engineering evaluation, design of a geothermal energy system, economics, the geothermal resource, the institutional barriers assessment, environmental factors, an alternate geothermal energy source, and alternates to geothermal development. (MHR); DOE/ET/27232-T5 Close

• 152. [Image] Geothermal Modeling of the Raft River Geothermal Field

  	The results to date of chemical modeling of the Raft River KGRA are presented. Earlier work indicated a northwest-southeast anomaly in the contours. Modeling techniques applied to more complete data allowed ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Modeling of the Raft River Geothermal Field Author: Overton, H.L. Year: 1979 The results to date of chemical modeling of the Raft River KGRA are presented. Earlier work indicated a northwest-southeast anomaly in the contours. Modeling techniques applied to more complete data allowed further definition of the anomaly. Models described in this report show the source of various minerals in the geothermal water. There appears to be a regional heat source that gives rise to uniform conductive heat flow in the region, but convective flow is concentrated near the upwelling in the Crook well vicinity. Recommendations are made concerning field expansion and additional work needed to refine the overall reservoir model; EGG-2004 Title: Geothermal Modeling of the Raft River Geothermal Field Author: Overton, H.L. Year: 1979 The results to date of chemical modeling of the Raft River KGRA are presented. Earlier work indicated a northwest-southeast anomaly in the contours. Modeling techniques applied to more complete data allowed further definition of the anomaly. Models described in this report show the source of various minerals in the geothermal water. There appears to be a regional heat source that gives rise to uniform conductive heat flow in the region, but convective flow is concentrated near the upwelling in the Crook well vicinity. Recommendations are made concerning field expansion and additional work needed to refine the overall reservoir model; EGG-2004 Close

• 153. [Image] Industrial application of geothermal energy in Southeast Idaho

  	Those phosphate related and food processing industries in Southeastern Idaho are identified which require large energy inputs and the potential for direct application of geothermal energy is assessed. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Industrial application of geothermal energy in Southeast Idaho Author: Batdorf, J.A. Year: 1980 Those phosphate related and food processing industries in Southeastern Idaho are identified which require large energy inputs and the potential for direct application of geothermal energy is assessed. The total energy demand is given along with that fractional demand that can be satisfied by a geothermal source of known temperature. The potential for geothermal resource development is analyzed by examining the location of known thermal springs and wells, the location of state and federal geothermal exploration leases, and the location of federal and state oil and gas leasing activity in Southeast Idaho. Information is also presented regarding the location of geothermal, oil, and gas exploration wells in Southeast Idaho. The location of state and federal phosphate mining leases is also presented. This information is presented in table and map formats to show the proximity of exploration and development activities to current food and phosphate processing facilities and phosphate mining activities. (MHR); DOE/ID/12010-4 Title: Industrial application of geothermal energy in Southeast Idaho Author: Batdorf, J.A. Year: 1980 Those phosphate related and food processing industries in Southeastern Idaho are identified which require large energy inputs and the potential for direct application of geothermal energy is assessed. The total energy demand is given along with that fractional demand that can be satisfied by a geothermal source of known temperature. The potential for geothermal resource development is analyzed by examining the location of known thermal springs and wells, the location of state and federal geothermal exploration leases, and the location of federal and state oil and gas leasing activity in Southeast Idaho. Information is also presented regarding the location of geothermal, oil, and gas exploration wells in Southeast Idaho. The location of state and federal phosphate mining leases is also presented. This information is presented in table and map formats to show the proximity of exploration and development activities to current food and phosphate processing facilities and phosphate mining activities. (MHR); DOE/ID/12010-4 Close

• 154. [Image] Hawaii Geothermal Resource Assessment Program: western state cooperative direct heat resource assessment, Phase I. Final report

  	A regional geothermal resource assessment has been conducted for the major islands in the Hawaiian chain. The assessment was made through the compilation and evaluation of the readily accessible geological, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hawaii Geothermal Resource Assessment Program: western state cooperative direct heat resource assessment, Phase I. Final report Year: 1978 A regional geothermal resource assessment has been conducted for the major islands in the Hawaiian chain. The assessment was made through the compilation and evaluation of the readily accessible geological, geochemical, and geophysical data for the Hawaiian archipelago which has been acquired during the last two decades. The geologic criteria used in the identification of possible geothermal reservoirs were: age and location of most recent volcanism on the island and the geologic structure of each island. The geochemical anomalies used as traces for geothermally altered ground water were: elevated silica concentrations and elevated chloride/magnesium ion ratios. Geophysical data used to identify subsurface structure which may have geothermal potential were: aeromagnetic anomalies, gravity anomalies, and higher than normal well and basal spring discharge temperatures. Geophysical and geochemical anomalies which may be the result of subsurface thermal effects have been identified on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Molokai and Oahu; DOE/ID/01713-4 Title: Hawaii Geothermal Resource Assessment Program: western state cooperative direct heat resource assessment, Phase I. Final report Year: 1978 A regional geothermal resource assessment has been conducted for the major islands in the Hawaiian chain. The assessment was made through the compilation and evaluation of the readily accessible geological, geochemical, and geophysical data for the Hawaiian archipelago which has been acquired during the last two decades. The geologic criteria used in the identification of possible geothermal reservoirs were: age and location of most recent volcanism on the island and the geologic structure of each island. The geochemical anomalies used as traces for geothermally altered ground water were: elevated silica concentrations and elevated chloride/magnesium ion ratios. Geophysical data used to identify subsurface structure which may have geothermal potential were: aeromagnetic anomalies, gravity anomalies, and higher than normal well and basal spring discharge temperatures. Geophysical and geochemical anomalies which may be the result of subsurface thermal effects have been identified on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Molokai and Oahu; DOE/ID/01713-4 Close

• 155. [Image] Completion and testing report: INEL Geothermal Exploratory Well One (INEL-1)

  	INEL Geothermal Exploratory Well One (INEL-1) was drilled in search of a geothermal resource beneath the Snake River Plain for use at the Chemical Processing Plant (CPP) on the Idaho National Engineering ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Completion and testing report: INEL Geothermal Exploratory Well One (INEL-1) Author: Prestwich, S.M. Year: 1980 INEL Geothermal Exploratory Well One (INEL-1) was drilled in search of a geothermal resource beneath the Snake River Plain for use at the Chemical Processing Plant (CPP) on the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Site. The drilling site was selected as the most promising location within reasonable distance of the CPP. The resource was thought to be located at a depth near 7500 ft (2300 m). Neither significant production nor high temperatures were noted at that depth, and the well was then drilled to 10,333 ft (3150 m) with similar findings. Rock cores, geophysical logs, and hydrologic tests of the well to date indicate that no useful geothermal resource exists at this location. Information is presented on the drilling, completion, and testing of INEL-1; IDO-10096 Title: Completion and testing report: INEL Geothermal Exploratory Well One (INEL-1) Author: Prestwich, S.M. Year: 1980 INEL Geothermal Exploratory Well One (INEL-1) was drilled in search of a geothermal resource beneath the Snake River Plain for use at the Chemical Processing Plant (CPP) on the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Site. The drilling site was selected as the most promising location within reasonable distance of the CPP. The resource was thought to be located at a depth near 7500 ft (2300 m). Neither significant production nor high temperatures were noted at that depth, and the well was then drilled to 10,333 ft (3150 m) with similar findings. Rock cores, geophysical logs, and hydrologic tests of the well to date indicate that no useful geothermal resource exists at this location. Information is presented on the drilling, completion, and testing of INEL-1; IDO-10096 Close

• 156. [Image] Geology, hydrothermal petrology, stable isotope geochemistry, and fluid inclusion geothermometry of LASL geothermal test well C/T-1 (Mesa 31-1), East Mesa, Imperial Valley, California, USA

  	Borehole Mesa 31-1 (LASL C/T-1) is an 1899-m (6231-ft) deep well located in the northwestern part of the East Mesa Geothermal Field. Mesa 31-1 is the first Calibration/Test Well (C/T-1) in the Los Alamos ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geology, hydrothermal petrology, stable isotope geochemistry, and fluid inclusion geothermometry of LASL geothermal test well C/T-1 (Mesa 31-1), East Mesa, Imperial Valley, California, USA Author: Miller, K.R Year: 1980 Borehole Mesa 31-1 (LASL C/T-1) is an 1899-m (6231-ft) deep well located in the northwestern part of the East Mesa Geothermal Field. Mesa 31-1 is the first Calibration/Test Well (C/T-1) in the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), Geothermal Log Interpretation Program. The purpose of this study is to provide a compilation of drillhole data, drill cuttings, well lithology, and formation petrology that will serve to support the use of well LASL C/T-1 as a calibration/test well for geothermal logging. In addition, reviews of fluid chemistry, stable isotope studies, isotopic and fluid inclusion geothermometry, and the temperature log data are presented. This study provides the basic data on the geology and hydrothermal alteration of the rocks in LASL C/T-1 as background for the interpretation of wireline logs.; LA-8515-MS Title: Geology, hydrothermal petrology, stable isotope geochemistry, and fluid inclusion geothermometry of LASL geothermal test well C/T-1 (Mesa 31-1), East Mesa, Imperial Valley, California, USA Author: Miller, K.R Year: 1980 Borehole Mesa 31-1 (LASL C/T-1) is an 1899-m (6231-ft) deep well located in the northwestern part of the East Mesa Geothermal Field. Mesa 31-1 is the first Calibration/Test Well (C/T-1) in the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), Geothermal Log Interpretation Program. The purpose of this study is to provide a compilation of drillhole data, drill cuttings, well lithology, and formation petrology that will serve to support the use of well LASL C/T-1 as a calibration/test well for geothermal logging. In addition, reviews of fluid chemistry, stable isotope studies, isotopic and fluid inclusion geothermometry, and the temperature log data are presented. This study provides the basic data on the geology and hydrothermal alteration of the rocks in LASL C/T-1 as background for the interpretation of wireline logs.; LA-8515-MS Close

• 157. [Image] Utilization of geothermal energy for methane production for J. A. Albertson Land and Cattle Company

  	To utilize the geothermal energy in the area of its 30,000-head cattle feedlot, J.A. Albertson Land and Cattle Co. is considering the development of an integrated geothermal/bioconversion system that would ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Utilization of geothermal energy for methane production for J. A. Albertson Land and Cattle Company Author: Bissell, R.R. Year: 1980 To utilize the geothermal energy in the area of its 30,000-head cattle feedlot, J.A. Albertson Land and Cattle Co. is considering the development of an integrated geothermal/bioconversion system that would use the cattle manure as a feedstock for an anaerobic-digestion plant to produce methane plus a digester-residue cattle-feed supplement. The feedlot lies within a high-temperature gradient and heat-flow area associated with the Western Snake River basin in Malheur Co., Oregon. The three digesters designed for the process will operate mesophilically (at 98/sup 0/F) with a 20-day retention time. To make up the digesters' heat losses, the geothermal water source will need to be about 135/sup 0/F and have a flow rate of 120-240 gpm, depending on the size ultimately selected for the facility. If the digester residue replaces alfalfa hay in the cattle's current rations, its value will amount to $1.15 million/yr. Burning the methane in engine/generator sets would produce 985-1970 kW of electric power that could be either sold or used as a day-to-day substitute for the geothermal heat. An economic analysis of the system is presented; DOE/ET/27230-T2 Title: Utilization of geothermal energy for methane production for J. A. Albertson Land and Cattle Company Author: Bissell, R.R. Year: 1980 To utilize the geothermal energy in the area of its 30,000-head cattle feedlot, J.A. Albertson Land and Cattle Co. is considering the development of an integrated geothermal/bioconversion system that would use the cattle manure as a feedstock for an anaerobic-digestion plant to produce methane plus a digester-residue cattle-feed supplement. The feedlot lies within a high-temperature gradient and heat-flow area associated with the Western Snake River basin in Malheur Co., Oregon. The three digesters designed for the process will operate mesophilically (at 98/sup 0/F) with a 20-day retention time. To make up the digesters' heat losses, the geothermal water source will need to be about 135/sup 0/F and have a flow rate of 120-240 gpm, depending on the size ultimately selected for the facility. If the digester residue replaces alfalfa hay in the cattle's current rations, its value will amount to $1.15 million/yr. Burning the methane in engine/generator sets would produce 985-1970 kW of electric power that could be either sold or used as a day-to-day substitute for the geothermal heat. An economic analysis of the system is presented; DOE/ET/27230-T2 Close

• 158. [Image] Reservoir simulation studies: Wairakei Geothermal Field, New Zealand. Final report

  	Numerical reservoir simulation techniques were used to perform a history-match of the Wairakei geothermal system in New Zealand. First, a one-dimensional (vertical) model was chosen; realistic stratigraphy ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reservoir simulation studies: Wairakei Geothermal Field, New Zealand. Final report Author: Pritchett, J.W Year: 1980 Numerical reservoir simulation techniques were used to perform a history-match of the Wairakei geothermal system in New Zealand. First, a one-dimensional (vertical) model was chosen; realistic stratigraphy was incorporated and the known production history was imposed. The effects of surface and deep recharge were included. Good matches were obtained, both for the reservoir pressure decline history and changes in average discharge enthalpy with time. Next, multidimensional effects were incorporated by treating with a two-dimensional vertical section. Again, good history matches were obtained, although computed late-time discharge enthalpies were slightly high. It is believed that this disparity arises from inherently three-dimensional effects. Predictive calculations using the two-dimensional model suggest that continued future production will cause little additional reservoir pressure drop, but that thermal degradation will occur. Finally, ground subsidence data at Wairakei was examined. It was concluded that traditional elastic pore-collapse models based on classical soil-mechanics concepts are inadequate to explain the observed surface deformation. It is speculated that the measured subsidence may be due to structural effects such as aseismic slippage of a buried reservoir boundary fault.; LBL-11497; GREMP-11; SSS-R-80-4313 Title: Reservoir simulation studies: Wairakei Geothermal Field, New Zealand. Final report Author: Pritchett, J.W Year: 1980 Numerical reservoir simulation techniques were used to perform a history-match of the Wairakei geothermal system in New Zealand. First, a one-dimensional (vertical) model was chosen; realistic stratigraphy was incorporated and the known production history was imposed. The effects of surface and deep recharge were included. Good matches were obtained, both for the reservoir pressure decline history and changes in average discharge enthalpy with time. Next, multidimensional effects were incorporated by treating with a two-dimensional vertical section. Again, good history matches were obtained, although computed late-time discharge enthalpies were slightly high. It is believed that this disparity arises from inherently three-dimensional effects. Predictive calculations using the two-dimensional model suggest that continued future production will cause little additional reservoir pressure drop, but that thermal degradation will occur. Finally, ground subsidence data at Wairakei was examined. It was concluded that traditional elastic pore-collapse models based on classical soil-mechanics concepts are inadequate to explain the observed surface deformation. It is speculated that the measured subsidence may be due to structural effects such as aseismic slippage of a buried reservoir boundary fault.; LBL-11497; GREMP-11; SSS-R-80-4313 Close

• 159. [Image] Small-Scale Electric Systems Using Geothermal Energy: A Guide to Development

  	This comprehensive overview of small-scale [100 kilowatt - 10 megawatts (MW)] electric development using geothermal energy has been prepared primarily for financial investors as a guide to resource opportunities, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Small-Scale Electric Systems Using Geothermal Energy: A Guide to Development Author: McAuliffe, P. K. Year: 1983 This comprehensive overview of small-scale [100 kilowatt - 10 megawatts (MW)] electric development using geothermal energy has been prepared primarily for financial investors as a guide to resource opportunities, commercial technologies, and financial incentives. California's geothermal resource in the 180°F to 350°F temperature range has been estimated to contain enough energy to generate over 1,000 MW. To assist in economically developing these resources, the guide summarizes important siting considerations, including resource requirements. Discussed are the three technologies--flashed steam, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), and total flow--which can convert the available energy in geothermal resources into electricity. Of the three, small-scale ORC systems have the greatest potential for commercial development in the immediate future. The technology involved in ORC systems is well established and has been proven in industrial operations. The overall performance (efficiency) of geothermal ORC is a function of resource characteristics, plant design, working fluid selection, and numerous other considerations. The guide discusses overall performance in detail. Title: Small-Scale Electric Systems Using Geothermal Energy: A Guide to Development Author: McAuliffe, P. K. Year: 1983 This comprehensive overview of small-scale [100 kilowatt - 10 megawatts (MW)] electric development using geothermal energy has been prepared primarily for financial investors as a guide to resource opportunities, commercial technologies, and financial incentives. California's geothermal resource in the 180°F to 350°F temperature range has been estimated to contain enough energy to generate over 1,000 MW. To assist in economically developing these resources, the guide summarizes important siting considerations, including resource requirements. Discussed are the three technologies--flashed steam, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), and total flow--which can convert the available energy in geothermal resources into electricity. Of the three, small-scale ORC systems have the greatest potential for commercial development in the immediate future. The technology involved in ORC systems is well established and has been proven in industrial operations. The overall performance (efficiency) of geothermal ORC is a function of resource characteristics, plant design, working fluid selection, and numerous other considerations. The guide discusses overall performance in detail. Close

• 160. [Image] Geothermal Potential of the West Boise Area

  	With increased use being placed on natural gas, electricity, petroleum, and coal, alternative forms of energy have been sought to help release the pressures being placed on these resources. Geothermal ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Potential of the West Boise Area Author: Mink, L.L. Year: 1977 With increased use being placed on natural gas, electricity, petroleum, and coal, alternative forms of energy have been sought to help release the pressures being placed on these resources. Geothermal energy is one of the major alternative forms. In portions of Boise, geothermal resources have been utilized for many years for heating of homes and several state office buildings. Recent investigations in the Boise area have shown that hot water is abundant all along the Boise Foothills. This report discusses two areas showing good potential for future geothermal development. These areas are the Dry Creek Valley and the area between Pierce Gulch and Polecat Gulch. Both areas have water temperatures exceeding 37.8°C. In the Boise area it is found that zones of hot water are associated with some type of structural control. The hot water zones associated with the Dry Creek Valley and the Pierce-Polecat area were found to be located at or near the intersection of major linears mapped along the Boise Foothills. These linears reflect a zone of weakness at depth in the rock allowing warm water to migrate upward from the granitic rock of the Idaho batholith below. By mapping all known fault and linear patterns in the area, it is possible to correlate these zones of weakness with areas of hot water. At the intersection of two or more linears, where fracturing is greatest, the majority of geothermal water has been located Title: Geothermal Potential of the West Boise Area Author: Mink, L.L. Year: 1977 With increased use being placed on natural gas, electricity, petroleum, and coal, alternative forms of energy have been sought to help release the pressures being placed on these resources. Geothermal energy is one of the major alternative forms. In portions of Boise, geothermal resources have been utilized for many years for heating of homes and several state office buildings. Recent investigations in the Boise area have shown that hot water is abundant all along the Boise Foothills. This report discusses two areas showing good potential for future geothermal development. These areas are the Dry Creek Valley and the area between Pierce Gulch and Polecat Gulch. Both areas have water temperatures exceeding 37.8°C. In the Boise area it is found that zones of hot water are associated with some type of structural control. The hot water zones associated with the Dry Creek Valley and the Pierce-Polecat area were found to be located at or near the intersection of major linears mapped along the Boise Foothills. These linears reflect a zone of weakness at depth in the rock allowing warm water to migrate upward from the granitic rock of the Idaho batholith below. By mapping all known fault and linear patterns in the area, it is possible to correlate these zones of weakness with areas of hot water. At the intersection of two or more linears, where fracturing is greatest, the majority of geothermal water has been located Close