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• 11. [Image] Klamath Christian Center Heating System

  	On December 6, 1983, Dave South well contacted the Geo-Heat Center requesting information and possible assistance in analyzing problems with the geothermal wells and heating system. About a week later, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Christian Center Heating System Author: Culver, G. Year: 1984 On December 6, 1983, Dave South well contacted the Geo-Heat Center requesting information and possible assistance in analyzing problems with the geothermal wells and heating system. About a week later, Geo-Heat Center personnel met with Dave and discussed the meager amount of information then available. It was decided that the Geo-Heat Center would attempt to obtain more well data and, if possible, temperature profile the wells to determine what the problem was since available data indicated the wells should produce more heat than they were. At that time the down hole heat exchanger would provide only 116°F to 118°F water during colder periods and 125°F maximum during more moderate weather. The well was being pumped from 76 feet by a jet pump and producing about 25 gpm which was being discharged into the storm drain. Title: Klamath Christian Center Heating System Author: Culver, G. Year: 1984 On December 6, 1983, Dave South well contacted the Geo-Heat Center requesting information and possible assistance in analyzing problems with the geothermal wells and heating system. About a week later, Geo-Heat Center personnel met with Dave and discussed the meager amount of information then available. It was decided that the Geo-Heat Center would attempt to obtain more well data and, if possible, temperature profile the wells to determine what the problem was since available data indicated the wells should produce more heat than they were. At that time the down hole heat exchanger would provide only 116°F to 118°F water during colder periods and 125°F maximum during more moderate weather. The well was being pumped from 76 feet by a jet pump and producing about 25 gpm which was being discharged into the storm drain. Close

• 12. [Image] Potential of Low-Temperature Geothermal Resources in Northern California. Report No. TR13

  	Economically feasible uses for geothermal heat at temperatures too low for conventional electrical power generation at present are delineated. Several geothermal resource areas in northern California that ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Potential of Low-Temperature Geothermal Resources in Northern California. Report No. TR13 Author: Hannah, J.L. Year: 1975 Economically feasible uses for geothermal heat at temperatures too low for conventional electrical power generation at present are delineated. Several geothermal resource areas in northern California that have development potential are described, and applications of the heat found in each area are suggested. Plates are included of the following field study areas: the east side of the Sierra-Cascade Range north of Bishop, and the northern Coast Range from San Francisco Bay to Clear Lake. The counties included in the study area are Mo doc, Lassen, Sierra, Plumas, Placer, Alpine, Mono, Mendocino, Lake, and Sonoma. (LBS) Title: Potential of Low-Temperature Geothermal Resources in Northern California. Report No. TR13 Author: Hannah, J.L. Year: 1975 Economically feasible uses for geothermal heat at temperatures too low for conventional electrical power generation at present are delineated. Several geothermal resource areas in northern California that have development potential are described, and applications of the heat found in each area are suggested. Plates are included of the following field study areas: the east side of the Sierra-Cascade Range north of Bishop, and the northern Coast Range from San Francisco Bay to Clear Lake. The counties included in the study area are Mo doc, Lassen, Sierra, Plumas, Placer, Alpine, Mono, Mendocino, Lake, and Sonoma. (LBS) Close

• 13. [Image] Assessment of low- to moderate-temperature geothermal resources of Nevada. Final report, April 1978-June 1979

  	The ultimate goal of the project was to produce a geothermal resource map of Nevada that provided detailed information on low- to moderate-temperature geothermal systems, and that also evaluated their ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Assessment of low- to moderate-temperature geothermal resources of Nevada. Final report, April 1978-June 1979 Author: Trexler, D.T Year: 1979 The ultimate goal of the project was to produce a geothermal resource map of Nevada that provided detailed information on low- to moderate-temperature geothermal systems, and that also evaluated their potential for direct non-electric utilization. The investigation consisted of these six tasks: edit and verify existing USGS GEOTHERM file for springs and wells in Nevada; supplement GEOTHERM file with NBMG data; digitize the location of springs and wells on 1:250,000 scale maps of Nevada; update water chemistry by sampling areas devoid of data; field check springs and wells designated as hot or warm; and prepare a 1:500,000 scale map of Nevada that evaluates geothermal resource areas of potential for direct use. This report described the completed tasks, delineates problems encountered, and presents additional miscellaneous information that augments the investigation. The information shown on the accompanying map can be divided into two categories: spot data and regional assessment (or potential evaluation). Specific geochemical information, such as temperature, pH, and chemical species, is represented by approximately 300 circle and diamond-shaped symbols. Thirty-seven larger regions were evaluated for their potential for direct-use on the basis of a numerical technique, which is fully described in this report. An additional 15 sites were designated as areas that may provide a basis for investigations, but that lack sufficient data for a detailed potential evaluation at this time. ; NVO-01556-1 Title: Assessment of low- to moderate-temperature geothermal resources of Nevada. Final report, April 1978-June 1979 Author: Trexler, D.T Year: 1979 The ultimate goal of the project was to produce a geothermal resource map of Nevada that provided detailed information on low- to moderate-temperature geothermal systems, and that also evaluated their potential for direct non-electric utilization. The investigation consisted of these six tasks: edit and verify existing USGS GEOTHERM file for springs and wells in Nevada; supplement GEOTHERM file with NBMG data; digitize the location of springs and wells on 1:250,000 scale maps of Nevada; update water chemistry by sampling areas devoid of data; field check springs and wells designated as hot or warm; and prepare a 1:500,000 scale map of Nevada that evaluates geothermal resource areas of potential for direct use. This report described the completed tasks, delineates problems encountered, and presents additional miscellaneous information that augments the investigation. The information shown on the accompanying map can be divided into two categories: spot data and regional assessment (or potential evaluation). Specific geochemical information, such as temperature, pH, and chemical species, is represented by approximately 300 circle and diamond-shaped symbols. Thirty-seven larger regions were evaluated for their potential for direct-use on the basis of a numerical technique, which is fully described in this report. An additional 15 sites were designated as areas that may provide a basis for investigations, but that lack sufficient data for a detailed potential evaluation at this time. ; NVO-01556-1 Close

• 14. [Image] Report of the Geophysical Measurements in Geothermal Wells Workshop, Airport Marina Hotel, Albuquerque, New Mexico, September 17--19, 1975

  	This report presents results of a Workshop on Geophysical Measurements in Geothermal Wells, hosted in Albuquerque, September 17-19, by Sandia Laboratories and jointly sponsored by the United States Geological ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report of the Geophysical Measurements in Geothermal Wells Workshop, Airport Marina Hotel, Albuquerque, New Mexico, September 17--19, 1975 Author: Baker, L.E. Year: 1975 This report presents results of a Workshop on Geophysical Measurements in Geothermal Wells, hosted in Albuquerque, September 17-19, by Sandia Laboratories and jointly sponsored by the United States Geological Survey and the Energy Research and Development Administration. During the workshop, tutorial papers dealing with the geothermal resource, geothermal logging, and high temperature technology were followed by working panel sessions. Three panels deliberated, respectively, well and reservoir parameters, log interpretation, and high temperature technology. In a final session, the reports of the panels were heard and discussed by the full workshop. A summary of the workshop conclusions and recommendations, as well as the complete panel statements, are presented. (auth) Title: Report of the Geophysical Measurements in Geothermal Wells Workshop, Airport Marina Hotel, Albuquerque, New Mexico, September 17--19, 1975 Author: Baker, L.E. Year: 1975 This report presents results of a Workshop on Geophysical Measurements in Geothermal Wells, hosted in Albuquerque, September 17-19, by Sandia Laboratories and jointly sponsored by the United States Geological Survey and the Energy Research and Development Administration. During the workshop, tutorial papers dealing with the geothermal resource, geothermal logging, and high temperature technology were followed by working panel sessions. Three panels deliberated, respectively, well and reservoir parameters, log interpretation, and high temperature technology. In a final session, the reports of the panels were heard and discussed by the full workshop. A summary of the workshop conclusions and recommendations, as well as the complete panel statements, are presented. (auth) Close

• 15. [Image] Data from Pumping and Injection Tests and Chemical Sampling in the Geothermal Aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	A seven-week pumping and injection test in the geothermal aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon, in 1983 provided new information on hydraulic properties of the aquifer. The Open-File Data Report on the tests ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Data from Pumping and Injection Tests and Chemical Sampling in the Geothermal Aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Benson, S. M. Year: 1984 A seven-week pumping and injection test in the geothermal aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon, in 1983 provided new information on hydraulic properties of the aquifer. The Open-File Data Report on the tests includes graphs of water levels measured in 50 wells, temperature measurement In 17 wells, daily air temperatures in relation to discharge of thermal water from more than 70 pumped and artesian wells, tables of monthly mean air temperatures and estimates of discharges of thermal water during a normal year, and tables of chemical and isotopic analyses on samples from 12 wells Title: Data from Pumping and Injection Tests and Chemical Sampling in the Geothermal Aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Benson, S. M. Year: 1984 A seven-week pumping and injection test in the geothermal aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon, in 1983 provided new information on hydraulic properties of the aquifer. The Open-File Data Report on the tests includes graphs of water levels measured in 50 wells, temperature measurement In 17 wells, daily air temperatures in relation to discharge of thermal water from more than 70 pumped and artesian wells, tables of monthly mean air temperatures and estimates of discharges of thermal water during a normal year, and tables of chemical and isotopic analyses on samples from 12 wells Close

• 16. [Image] Analysis and Interpretation of Data obtained in Tests of the Geothermal Aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon

  	A study of the geothermal resource at Klamath Falls, Oregon, has shown that thermal water occurs in an extensive, heterogeneous aquifer at depths of a few hundred to nearly 2,000 feet over an area of nearly ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Analysis and Interpretation of Data obtained in Tests of the Geothermal Aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Sammel, E. A. Year: 1984 A study of the geothermal resource at Klamath Falls, Oregon, has shown that thermal water occurs in an extensive, heterogeneous aquifer at depths of a few hundred to nearly 2,000 feet over an area of nearly 2 square miles. The highest measured water temperatures are more than 130°C. Chemical and isotopic analyses suggest that the aquifer is supplied from a deeper zone in which meteoric recharge water having low chloride and silica concentrations mixes with high-temperature water (about 190°C) having a moderately high chloride concentration (120 milligrams/kilogram). The probable temperature of the hot-reservoir water is estimated on the basis of consistent results from the sulfate-water isotope and silica geothermometers and calculated mixing fractions of 40 and 44 percent thermal water derived from chloride and silica mixing models Title: Analysis and Interpretation of Data obtained in Tests of the Geothermal Aquifer at Klamath Falls, Oregon Author: Sammel, E. A. Year: 1984 A study of the geothermal resource at Klamath Falls, Oregon, has shown that thermal water occurs in an extensive, heterogeneous aquifer at depths of a few hundred to nearly 2,000 feet over an area of nearly 2 square miles. The highest measured water temperatures are more than 130°C. Chemical and isotopic analyses suggest that the aquifer is supplied from a deeper zone in which meteoric recharge water having low chloride and silica concentrations mixes with high-temperature water (about 190°C) having a moderately high chloride concentration (120 milligrams/kilogram). The probable temperature of the hot-reservoir water is estimated on the basis of consistent results from the sulfate-water isotope and silica geothermometers and calculated mixing fractions of 40 and 44 percent thermal water derived from chloride and silica mixing models Close

• 17. [Image] Geological and Geophysical Analysis of Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole No. 1 (CGEH-1), Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California

  	The Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole number one (CGEH-1) was drilled in the Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California, from September 2 to December 2, 1977. Chip samples were collected at ten foot intervals and ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geological and Geophysical Analysis of Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole No. 1 (CGEH-1), Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California Author: Galbraith, R.M. Year: 1978 The Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole number one (CGEH-1) was drilled in the Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California, from September 2 to December 2, 1977. Chip samples were collected at ten foot intervals and extensive geophysical logging surveys were conducted to document the geologic character of the geothermal system as penetrated by CGEH-1. The major rock units encountered include a mafic metamorphic sequence and a leucogranite which intruded the metamorphic rocks. Only weak hydrothermal alteration was noted in these rocks. Drillhole surveys and drilling rate data indicate that the geothermal system is structurally controlled and that the drillhole itself was strongly influenced by structural zones. Water chemistry indicates that this geothermal resource is a hot-water rather than a vapor-dominated system. Several geophysical logs were employed to characterize the drillhole geology. The natural gamma and neutron porosity logs indicate gross rock type and the acoustics logs indicate fractured rock and potentially permeable zones. A series of temperature logs run as a function of time during and after the completion of drilling were most useful in delineating the zones of maximum heat flux. Convective heat flow and temperatures greater than 350/sup 0/F appear to occur only along an open fracture system encountered between depths of 1850 and 2775 feet. Temperature logs indicate a negative thermal gradient below 3000 feet Title: Geological and Geophysical Analysis of Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole No. 1 (CGEH-1), Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California Author: Galbraith, R.M. Year: 1978 The Coso Geothermal Exploration Hole number one (CGEH-1) was drilled in the Coso Hot Springs KGRA, California, from September 2 to December 2, 1977. Chip samples were collected at ten foot intervals and extensive geophysical logging surveys were conducted to document the geologic character of the geothermal system as penetrated by CGEH-1. The major rock units encountered include a mafic metamorphic sequence and a leucogranite which intruded the metamorphic rocks. Only weak hydrothermal alteration was noted in these rocks. Drillhole surveys and drilling rate data indicate that the geothermal system is structurally controlled and that the drillhole itself was strongly influenced by structural zones. Water chemistry indicates that this geothermal resource is a hot-water rather than a vapor-dominated system. Several geophysical logs were employed to characterize the drillhole geology. The natural gamma and neutron porosity logs indicate gross rock type and the acoustics logs indicate fractured rock and potentially permeable zones. A series of temperature logs run as a function of time during and after the completion of drilling were most useful in delineating the zones of maximum heat flux. Convective heat flow and temperatures greater than 350/sup 0/F appear to occur only along an open fracture system encountered between depths of 1850 and 2775 feet. Temperature logs indicate a negative thermal gradient below 3000 feet Close

• 18. [Image] Evaluation and Design of Downhole Heat Exchangers for Direct Application; Annual Report, May 1, 1976 - July 1, 1977

  	Progress in an experimental and analytical research program to evaluate and improve the design of downhole heat exchangers (DHEs) for direct applications of geothermal energy is reported. Significant progress ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation and Design of Downhole Heat Exchangers for Direct Application; Annual Report, May 1, 1976 - July 1, 1977 Author: Culver, G.G. Year: 1977 Progress in an experimental and analytical research program to evaluate and improve the design of downhole heat exchangers (DHEs) for direct applications of geothermal energy is reported. Significant progress has been achieved in characterizing flows in wells and without perforated casings and DHEs installed, determination of energy extraction rates for conventional DHEs in both cased and uncased wells, and utilization of information obtained to develop and substantiate models of heat transfer within the well. Flow characterization was obtained by experimentally measuring temperature and velocity profiles. In uncased wells, there was a relatively large vertical temperature gradient (approximately 0.5{sup 0}C/m) and insignificant measured vertical flow, while for the same wells when cased the temperature gradient was essentially zero (approximately 0.03{sup 0}C/m) and a large vertically upward flow was measured (9 to 14 cm/s as measured with a hot-film anemometer). These show that a significant connection cell is established after installation of the casing. The energy extraction rates for a conventional DHE both before and after casing of a 60 m deep well was experimentally measured. In the uncased well up to 300 kW was obtained while the cased well produced over 500 kW. Analytical heat transfer models were developed for the cased well both with and without DHEs. For the cased well without a DHE, the model predicts flow rates that agree with the measured value within about 30 percent. Further, the energy extraction rates predicted by the models agree even better with the measured values. These models allow the energy extraction rates of design parameter variations to be evaluated. At this stage, only trends can be shown but with additional substantiation they should produce optimum energy extraction designs Title: Evaluation and Design of Downhole Heat Exchangers for Direct Application; Annual Report, May 1, 1976 - July 1, 1977 Author: Culver, G.G. Year: 1977 Progress in an experimental and analytical research program to evaluate and improve the design of downhole heat exchangers (DHEs) for direct applications of geothermal energy is reported. Significant progress has been achieved in characterizing flows in wells and without perforated casings and DHEs installed, determination of energy extraction rates for conventional DHEs in both cased and uncased wells, and utilization of information obtained to develop and substantiate models of heat transfer within the well. Flow characterization was obtained by experimentally measuring temperature and velocity profiles. In uncased wells, there was a relatively large vertical temperature gradient (approximately 0.5{sup 0}C/m) and insignificant measured vertical flow, while for the same wells when cased the temperature gradient was essentially zero (approximately 0.03{sup 0}C/m) and a large vertically upward flow was measured (9 to 14 cm/s as measured with a hot-film anemometer). These show that a significant connection cell is established after installation of the casing. The energy extraction rates for a conventional DHE both before and after casing of a 60 m deep well was experimentally measured. In the uncased well up to 300 kW was obtained while the cased well produced over 500 kW. Analytical heat transfer models were developed for the cased well both with and without DHEs. For the cased well without a DHE, the model predicts flow rates that agree with the measured value within about 30 percent. Further, the energy extraction rates predicted by the models agree even better with the measured values. These models allow the energy extraction rates of design parameter variations to be evaluated. At this stage, only trends can be shown but with additional substantiation they should produce optimum energy extraction designs Close

• 19. [Image] Characteristics of Geothermal Wells Located in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field, Imperial County, California

  	We have summarized the geophysical, geochemical, and geothermal characteristics of wells located in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field. Based on the geothermal characteristics of the wells, we have developed ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Characteristics of Geothermal Wells Located in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field, Imperial County, California Author: Palmer, T.D. Year: 1975 We have summarized the geophysical, geochemical, and geothermal characteristics of wells located in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field. Based on the geothermal characteristics of the wells, we have developed a subsurface heat profile for the entire geothermal field. We have also drawn maps of temperature contours for specified depths throughout the field Title: Characteristics of Geothermal Wells Located in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field, Imperial County, California Author: Palmer, T.D. Year: 1975 We have summarized the geophysical, geochemical, and geothermal characteristics of wells located in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field. Based on the geothermal characteristics of the wells, we have developed a subsurface heat profile for the entire geothermal field. We have also drawn maps of temperature contours for specified depths throughout the field Close

• 20. [Image] Equipment Development Report: Borehole-Fluid Sampling Tool

  	The design and development of a tool for collecting fluid samples from hot, deep geothermal boreholes are discussed. This tool has performed satisfactorily in the field at downhole temperatures of 200/sup ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Equipment Development Report: Borehole-Fluid Sampling Tool Author: Archuleta, J.R. Year: 1978 The design and development of a tool for collecting fluid samples from hot, deep geothermal boreholes are discussed. This tool has performed satisfactorily in the field at downhole temperatures of 200/sup 0/C and pressures of 34.5 MPa (5000 psi). Assembly and operating instructions are included Title: Equipment Development Report: Borehole-Fluid Sampling Tool Author: Archuleta, J.R. Year: 1978 The design and development of a tool for collecting fluid samples from hot, deep geothermal boreholes are discussed. This tool has performed satisfactorily in the field at downhole temperatures of 200/sup 0/C and pressures of 34.5 MPa (5000 psi). Assembly and operating instructions are included Close