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• 1. [Article] Scenario Development and Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystem Services under Land Cover and Climate Change in the Tualatin and Yamhill River Basins, Oregon

  Humans make decisions within ecosystems to enhance their well-being, but choices can lead to unintended consequences. The ecosystem services (ES) approach supports decision-making that considers all environmental ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Scenario Development and Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystem Services under Land Cover and Climate Change in the Tualatin and Yamhill River Basins, Oregon Author: Hoyer, Robert Wesley Year: 2013 Humans make decisions within ecosystems to enhance their well-being, but choices can lead to unintended consequences. The ecosystem services (ES) approach supports decision-making that considers all environmental goods and services. Many challenges remain in the implementation of the ES approach like how specific ES vary through space and time. We address this research problem using the Tualatin and Yamhill river basins in northwestern Oregon as a study area. Freshwater ES are quantified and mapped with the spatially-explicit ES modeling tool, Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST). In chapter II, we develop a simple urban land cover change modeling approach with selected stakeholder input. The products of this analysis are used in part to answer the question of how the freshwater ES of water yield, nutrient retention, and sediment retention will change in the future, and how their distribution potentially will change? In chapter III, these ES are modeled in InVEST using the land cover scenarios and three downscaled global climate models. The base period is 1981 to 2010 and the future period is 2036 to 2065. The models are calibrated to empirical estimates, and display different sensitivities to inputs. Water yield increases with higher rainfall but decreases with the highest temperature scenario. Nutrient export and retention estimates are positively correlated. In the Tualatin basin, more urban lands generally lead to increases in nutrient exports and retention. The effect is reversed in the Yamhill basin from much larger agricultural exports. Sediment exports and retention increase with higher winter rainfall but are negatively spatially correlated due to topographic effects. Simulation of a landscape scale installation of riparian buffers leads to decreases in exports and increases in retention. The distribution of the provision of freshwater ES remains unchanged throughout the scenarios. With few parameters in each InVEST model, all display a high degree of sensitivity. Parameterization is subject to high uncertainty even with calibrated values. We discuss the assumptions and limitations of InVEST's freshwater models. The spatially explicit nature of InVEST is its main advantage. This work coupled with other analyses in the study area can facilitate the identification of tradeoffs amongst ES leading to better ecosystem management. Title: Scenario Development and Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystem Services under Land Cover and Climate Change in the Tualatin and Yamhill River Basins, Oregon Author: Hoyer, Robert Wesley Year: 2013 Humans make decisions within ecosystems to enhance their well-being, but choices can lead to unintended consequences. The ecosystem services (ES) approach supports decision-making that considers all environmental goods and services. Many challenges remain in the implementation of the ES approach like how specific ES vary through space and time. We address this research problem using the Tualatin and Yamhill river basins in northwestern Oregon as a study area. Freshwater ES are quantified and mapped with the spatially-explicit ES modeling tool, Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST). In chapter II, we develop a simple urban land cover change modeling approach with selected stakeholder input. The products of this analysis are used in part to answer the question of how the freshwater ES of water yield, nutrient retention, and sediment retention will change in the future, and how their distribution potentially will change? In chapter III, these ES are modeled in InVEST using the land cover scenarios and three downscaled global climate models. The base period is 1981 to 2010 and the future period is 2036 to 2065. The models are calibrated to empirical estimates, and display different sensitivities to inputs. Water yield increases with higher rainfall but decreases with the highest temperature scenario. Nutrient export and retention estimates are positively correlated. In the Tualatin basin, more urban lands generally lead to increases in nutrient exports and retention. The effect is reversed in the Yamhill basin from much larger agricultural exports. Sediment exports and retention increase with higher winter rainfall but are negatively spatially correlated due to topographic effects. Simulation of a landscape scale installation of riparian buffers leads to decreases in exports and increases in retention. The distribution of the provision of freshwater ES remains unchanged throughout the scenarios. With few parameters in each InVEST model, all display a high degree of sensitivity. Parameterization is subject to high uncertainty even with calibrated values. We discuss the assumptions and limitations of InVEST's freshwater models. The spatially explicit nature of InVEST is its main advantage. This work coupled with other analyses in the study area can facilitate the identification of tradeoffs amongst ES leading to better ecosystem management. Close

• 2. [Article] Modeling the Bull Run River-Reservoir System

  The City of Portland, Water Bureau currently operates 2 Bull Run reservoirs, Reservoir #2 and Reservoir #1 as a water supply source in the Bull Run watershed shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. The Water Bureau ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling the Bull Run River-Reservoir System Author: Wells, Scott A. Year: 2000 The City of Portland, Water Bureau currently operates 2 Bull Run reservoirs, Reservoir #2 and Reservoir #1 as a water supply source in the Bull Run watershed shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. The Water Bureau wants to operate their water supply system in order to meet both water supply objectives and fish habitat objectives downstream of the Bull Run reservoirs in Bull Run River. In addition, a third Bull Run reservoir has been proposed as an additional water supply source. This reservoir also may be used to meet water supply and fish habitat objectives in Bull Run River. This proposal addresses performing the following tasks to evaluate these objectives: Gather data to construct a computer simulation model of the Bull Run system including Bull Run River, Bull Run Reservoirs #1 through #3 and the river basin without reservoirs. Ensure that the model accurately represents the system physics, chemistry and biology. Use the model to evaluate how to meet water supply and fish habitat objectives by implementation of management scenarios. Title: Modeling the Bull Run River-Reservoir System Author: Wells, Scott A. Year: 2000 The City of Portland, Water Bureau currently operates 2 Bull Run reservoirs, Reservoir #2 and Reservoir #1 as a water supply source in the Bull Run watershed shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. The Water Bureau wants to operate their water supply system in order to meet both water supply objectives and fish habitat objectives downstream of the Bull Run reservoirs in Bull Run River. In addition, a third Bull Run reservoir has been proposed as an additional water supply source. This reservoir also may be used to meet water supply and fish habitat objectives in Bull Run River. This proposal addresses performing the following tasks to evaluate these objectives: Gather data to construct a computer simulation model of the Bull Run system including Bull Run River, Bull Run Reservoirs #1 through #3 and the river basin without reservoirs. Ensure that the model accurately represents the system physics, chemistry and biology. Use the model to evaluate how to meet water supply and fish habitat objectives by implementation of management scenarios. Close

• 3. [Article] Spokane River in Idaho and Washington TMDL Water Quality and Hydrodynamic Modeling Quality Assurance Project Plan -- DRAFT

  The focus of this present study is to perform the following tasks: • Converting the Upper Spokane River CE‐QUAL‐W2 models (Washington and Idaho) to version 3.6 • Combining the Washington and Idaho models • ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spokane River in Idaho and Washington TMDL Water Quality and Hydrodynamic Modeling Quality Assurance Project Plan -- DRAFT Author: Wells, Scott A., Berger, Chris Year: 2009 The focus of this present study is to perform the following tasks: • Converting the Upper Spokane River CE‐QUAL‐W2 models (Washington and Idaho) to version 3.6 • Combining the Washington and Idaho models • Reviewing and updating model boundary conditions • Check model calibration • Meet with stakeholders • Develop and Run Modeling Scenarios • Create reports on calibration and scenario runs Title: Spokane River in Idaho and Washington TMDL Water Quality and Hydrodynamic Modeling Quality Assurance Project Plan -- DRAFT Author: Wells, Scott A., Berger, Chris Year: 2009 The focus of this present study is to perform the following tasks: • Converting the Upper Spokane River CE‐QUAL‐W2 models (Washington and Idaho) to version 3.6 • Combining the Washington and Idaho models • Reviewing and updating model boundary conditions • Check model calibration • Meet with stakeholders • Develop and Run Modeling Scenarios • Create reports on calibration and scenario runs Close

• 4. [Article] Theoretical Basis for the CE-QUAL-W2 River Basin Model

  The primary objective of this research is to integrate a riverine model into the existing W2 code that would provide the capability for modeling entire watersheds. This task was accomplished by the following ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Theoretical Basis for the CE-QUAL-W2 River Basin Model Author: Wells, Scott A., Cole, Thomas M. Year: 2000 The primary objective of this research is to integrate a riverine model into the existing W2 code that would provide the capability for modeling entire watersheds. This task was accomplished by the following steps: • Formal derivation of governing equations and solution algorithm with general channel slope • Detailed analysis of algorithm for linking branches and smooth implementation of boundary conditions between branches • Algorithm development and changes to basic model code (including branch definitions with slope, slope correction to solution algorithm, transfer of momentum between internal branches) These tasks were performed with the following constraints and initiatives: • Utilize the same solution algorithms as the existing code for hydrodynamics and water quality for the riverine system • Allow momentum transfer between adjacent branches for internal head boundary conditions • Refine the turbulence closure hypothesis for riverine sections Title: Theoretical Basis for the CE-QUAL-W2 River Basin Model Author: Wells, Scott A., Cole, Thomas M. Year: 2000 The primary objective of this research is to integrate a riverine model into the existing W2 code that would provide the capability for modeling entire watersheds. This task was accomplished by the following steps: • Formal derivation of governing equations and solution algorithm with general channel slope • Detailed analysis of algorithm for linking branches and smooth implementation of boundary conditions between branches • Algorithm development and changes to basic model code (including branch definitions with slope, slope correction to solution algorithm, transfer of momentum between internal branches) These tasks were performed with the following constraints and initiatives: • Utilize the same solution algorithms as the existing code for hydrodynamics and water quality for the riverine system • Allow momentum transfer between adjacent branches for internal head boundary conditions • Refine the turbulence closure hypothesis for riverine sections Close