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• 71. [Article] Optimal Management of Conflicting Species: Grey Seal (Halichoerus Grypus) and Baltic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.)

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Optimal Management of Conflicting Species: Grey Seal (Halichoerus Grypus) and Baltic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Author: Kulmala, Soile, Lindroos, Marko, Holma, Maija Abstract only. Title: Optimal Management of Conflicting Species: Grey Seal (Halichoerus Grypus) and Baltic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Author: Kulmala, Soile, Lindroos, Marko, Holma, Maija Abstract only. Close

• 72. [Article] Investment and capital dynamics under long-term changes in marine fish communities: the case of French fleets exploiting the Bay of Biscay fisheries

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Investment and capital dynamics under long-term changes in marine fish communities: the case of French fleets exploiting the Bay of Biscay fisheries Author: Matei, Iuliana, Le Floc'h, Pascal, Van Iseghem, Sylvie, Thébaud, Olivier, Jezequel, Michèle Abstract only. Title: Investment and capital dynamics under long-term changes in marine fish communities: the case of French fleets exploiting the Bay of Biscay fisheries Author: Matei, Iuliana, Le Floc'h, Pascal, Van Iseghem, Sylvie, Thébaud, Olivier, Jezequel, Michèle Abstract only. Close

• 73. [Article] Towards Development of Biological-Economic Evaluation tool in Fishery Policy: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Protecting Species in a Multi Species Fishery

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Towards Development of Biological-Economic Evaluation tool in Fishery Policy: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Protecting Species in a Multi Species Fishery Author: Grønbæk Kronbak, Lone, Vestergaard, Niels Abstract only. Title: Towards Development of Biological-Economic Evaluation tool in Fishery Policy: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Protecting Species in a Multi Species Fishery Author: Grønbæk Kronbak, Lone, Vestergaard, Niels Abstract only. Close

• 74. [Article] Simulation Model Evaluation of Some Fisheries Balance Indicators

  Chronic overcapacity has been identified as a major cause of the overfishing of Europe’s fish stocks and the poor economic performance of the European fishing fleets. Mechanisms are needed to ensure that ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Simulation Model Evaluation of Some Fisheries Balance Indicators Author: Scott, Robert, Sampson, David Chronic overcapacity has been identified as a major cause of the overfishing of Europe’s fish stocks and the poor economic performance of the European fishing fleets. Mechanisms are needed to ensure that the capacity of European fishing fleets remain proportionate to available fish stocks. To that end, the European Commission developed “Guidelines for an improved analysis of the balance between fishing capacity and fishing opportunities”, which specify a minimum set of fleet-based technical, biological, economic, and social indicators that purportedly measure the balance between fishing fleets and fish resources. A bioeconomic simulation model was developed to assist in the evaluation of some of these balance indicators. The model is age-structured, like standard single-species stock assessment models, but accommodates multiple independent fish stocks that are harvested by multiple independent fishing fleets. The fish stocks occupy multiple spatial regions with diffusion of fish between regions. The fishing fleets choose where and how to fish based on anticipated profits. Randomness is included in the simulated system in the annual fish recruitments and their spatial distribution. The model was used to generate a series of balance indicators that were then compared against the true conditions in the simulated fisheries to evaluate whether the indicators provide accurate signals of system status. The simulations showed that randomness in recruitment propagates directly into randomness in the balance indicators implying that it will be difficult to detect meaningful signals from any short time series of balance indicator values. Title: Simulation Model Evaluation of Some Fisheries Balance Indicators Author: Scott, Robert, Sampson, David Chronic overcapacity has been identified as a major cause of the overfishing of Europe’s fish stocks and the poor economic performance of the European fishing fleets. Mechanisms are needed to ensure that the capacity of European fishing fleets remain proportionate to available fish stocks. To that end, the European Commission developed “Guidelines for an improved analysis of the balance between fishing capacity and fishing opportunities”, which specify a minimum set of fleet-based technical, biological, economic, and social indicators that purportedly measure the balance between fishing fleets and fish resources. A bioeconomic simulation model was developed to assist in the evaluation of some of these balance indicators. The model is age-structured, like standard single-species stock assessment models, but accommodates multiple independent fish stocks that are harvested by multiple independent fishing fleets. The fish stocks occupy multiple spatial regions with diffusion of fish between regions. The fishing fleets choose where and how to fish based on anticipated profits. Randomness is included in the simulated system in the annual fish recruitments and their spatial distribution. The model was used to generate a series of balance indicators that were then compared against the true conditions in the simulated fisheries to evaluate whether the indicators provide accurate signals of system status. The simulations showed that randomness in recruitment propagates directly into randomness in the balance indicators implying that it will be difficult to detect meaningful signals from any short time series of balance indicator values. Close

• 75. [Article] Fisheries Subsidies and Their Implications, Case Studies of Fuel Subsidy Programs in Taiwan and Vietnam

  In recent years, WTO constantly focuses on fishery subsidy negotiations, and since the Non-actionable subsidies have been cancelled, fishery subsidies norm is still hard to reach a consensus. Although ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fisheries Subsidies and Their Implications, Case Studies of Fuel Subsidy Programs in Taiwan and Vietnam Author: Hsiao, Yao-Jen, Thanh, Thi Duy Pham, Chuang, Ching-Ta In recent years, WTO constantly focuses on fishery subsidy negotiations, and since the Non-actionable subsidies have been cancelled, fishery subsidies norm is still hard to reach a consensus. Although the WTO president drafted a list of prohibitive subsidies in 2008, they have been implementing widely in most countries, especially the vessel fuel subsidy programs. While Taiwan has implemented for a long time the vessel fuel subsidy program made the fishermen depend on it as an annual aid, Vietnam has shown several disadvantages in fishery management after the first application of fuel price supporting for its fishing fleet. This research studied fuel subsidies programs in two countries Taiwan and Vietnam, examined its impacts on management policy and adjustments to fisheries in conformity with the countermeasure. Currently, most countries treated the fuel subsidy as a negative policy. The 7th Meeting of Ministers just finished in Geneva in December 2009, most delegates claimed that Doha round negotiation should be finished in the year 2010. With this, phasing out or reducing the fuel subsidy may be implemented in 2013. In order to release the pressure on fishermen's livelihood and apply adjustments earlier, the government can encourage the retirement on aged vessel, and reward suspension of fishing activities, energy-conservation, safe and small-scale fishery. In addition, government can also consider a more elastic category of fishing activities, or discourage the subsidy on production support or the structural safety net by supporting the fishermen income. Finally, in order to provide more rooms for negotiating in WTO, it is necessary to continue data collection on other countries fishery subsidies policy and adjust the timing and contents publicized. Title: Fisheries Subsidies and Their Implications, Case Studies of Fuel Subsidy Programs in Taiwan and Vietnam Author: Hsiao, Yao-Jen, Thanh, Thi Duy Pham, Chuang, Ching-Ta In recent years, WTO constantly focuses on fishery subsidy negotiations, and since the Non-actionable subsidies have been cancelled, fishery subsidies norm is still hard to reach a consensus. Although the WTO president drafted a list of prohibitive subsidies in 2008, they have been implementing widely in most countries, especially the vessel fuel subsidy programs. While Taiwan has implemented for a long time the vessel fuel subsidy program made the fishermen depend on it as an annual aid, Vietnam has shown several disadvantages in fishery management after the first application of fuel price supporting for its fishing fleet. This research studied fuel subsidies programs in two countries Taiwan and Vietnam, examined its impacts on management policy and adjustments to fisheries in conformity with the countermeasure. Currently, most countries treated the fuel subsidy as a negative policy. The 7th Meeting of Ministers just finished in Geneva in December 2009, most delegates claimed that Doha round negotiation should be finished in the year 2010. With this, phasing out or reducing the fuel subsidy may be implemented in 2013. In order to release the pressure on fishermen's livelihood and apply adjustments earlier, the government can encourage the retirement on aged vessel, and reward suspension of fishing activities, energy-conservation, safe and small-scale fishery. In addition, government can also consider a more elastic category of fishing activities, or discourage the subsidy on production support or the structural safety net by supporting the fishermen income. Finally, in order to provide more rooms for negotiating in WTO, it is necessary to continue data collection on other countries fishery subsidies policy and adjust the timing and contents publicized. Close

• 76. [Article] Climate and Fisheries: Costs and Benefits of Change

  Many records provide the bases for a clearer understanding of the roles of climate regime shifts and short-term perturbations in ecosystem dynamics, hence fisheries responses. Too few have taken the long ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate and Fisheries: Costs and Benefits of Change Author: Klyashtorin, Leonid, Sharp, Gary D., Goodridge, James Year: 2001 Many records provide the bases for a clearer understanding of the roles of climate regime shifts and short-term perturbations in ecosystem dynamics, hence fisheries responses. Too few have taken the long view of the role of humans in this "Grand Fugue". As one of many predators, it is imperative that humans begin to understand that our various activities are subject to basic ecological principles, such as the concepts of growth limitations imposed by scarcities and habitat debilitations. Most of human history (evolution, growth, colonizations, displacements, resource scarcity, competition for resources) are direct consequences of normal, natural climate fluctuations, and local, regional and global ecological responses. Early fisheries were subsistence levels, with some situations where fishing communities bartered or traded for goods from adjacent highlands or forest cultures. We have also become extremely vulnerable to any persistent climate changes. Following the Medieval Warm period (~900-1180), the onset of the Little Ice Age (LIA) brought changes in regional productivity, disease, and death that began the global transition from Feudal society to the "pay as you go" economics that now dominate the world's major economies. Over the recent two to three centuries humans have swarmed over the remaining terrain, and spread out onto the seas. Modern history relates the continuous growth, expansion and generalized superposition of industrial fisheries onto older coastal subsistence communities, initiating extensive competition, overexploitation, and with resultant dwindling resources and habitat destruction. I have started a Timeline of Fisheries Development that provides a framework of information upon which these facts are derived: <.http://www.monterey.edu/faculty/SharpGary/world/FisheryTimeline.html> I will continue to develop the Timeline, so that others might learn how humans resolve the issues of complex aquatic ecosystems, limited resource sharing, or not. Title: Climate and Fisheries: Costs and Benefits of Change Author: Klyashtorin, Leonid, Sharp, Gary D., Goodridge, James Year: 2001 Many records provide the bases for a clearer understanding of the roles of climate regime shifts and short-term perturbations in ecosystem dynamics, hence fisheries responses. Too few have taken the long view of the role of humans in this "Grand Fugue". As one of many predators, it is imperative that humans begin to understand that our various activities are subject to basic ecological principles, such as the concepts of growth limitations imposed by scarcities and habitat debilitations. Most of human history (evolution, growth, colonizations, displacements, resource scarcity, competition for resources) are direct consequences of normal, natural climate fluctuations, and local, regional and global ecological responses. Early fisheries were subsistence levels, with some situations where fishing communities bartered or traded for goods from adjacent highlands or forest cultures. We have also become extremely vulnerable to any persistent climate changes. Following the Medieval Warm period (~900-1180), the onset of the Little Ice Age (LIA) brought changes in regional productivity, disease, and death that began the global transition from Feudal society to the "pay as you go" economics that now dominate the world's major economies. Over the recent two to three centuries humans have swarmed over the remaining terrain, and spread out onto the seas. Modern history relates the continuous growth, expansion and generalized superposition of industrial fisheries onto older coastal subsistence communities, initiating extensive competition, overexploitation, and with resultant dwindling resources and habitat destruction. I have started a Timeline of Fisheries Development that provides a framework of information upon which these facts are derived: <.http://www.monterey.edu/faculty/SharpGary/world/FisheryTimeline.html> I will continue to develop the Timeline, so that others might learn how humans resolve the issues of complex aquatic ecosystems, limited resource sharing, or not. Close

• 77. [Article] The Economics of Cooperative Fishery Research: A Survey of U.S. West Coast Groundfish Industry and Scientists

  Cooperative research, the active participation of industry in scientific research, is receiving increased attention as an alternative to traditional government-sponsored methods. Its strongest attributes ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Economics of Cooperative Fishery Research: A Survey of U.S. West Coast Groundfish Industry and Scientists Author: Sylvia, Gil, Harms, John Year: 2001 Cooperative research, the active participation of industry in scientific research, is receiving increased attention as an alternative to traditional government-sponsored methods. Its strongest attributes are its potential to improve spatial and temporal collection of fishery data while reducing some research costs. Despite these potential benefits, there are obstacles to adopting cooperative research on a large scale including concerns about biased data, continuity with current data regimes, and the motivations of the participants. Acknowledging these limitations, this research examines the factors that influence industry's willingness to participate in cooperative research with fishery scientists. During summer 1998, scientists and fishermen in the U.S. West Coast groundfish fishery participated in a mail survey that asked respondents to assess several potential cooperative research projects on the basis of their perceived costs and benefits. Scientists and fishermen differed most strongly on “observer programs” and “interviewing fishermen to gather qualitative data.” The survey also included hypothetical scenarios where fishing vessels would be chartered for research. Fishermen assigned a "desirability" score and "willingness to supply" their vessel for research as a function of varying levels of compensation, days at sea, consultation into the design and conduct of the research, and other factors. Based on a utility of profit supply model, results were analyzed using ordinary least squares. Compensation and skipper consultation had the largest effect on the charter's desirability and respondents' willingness to supply. Age, education, and gear type also significantly affected fishermen's willingness to participate in the charters. These results suggest significant problems in the manner in which scientists and industry relate. Addressing these problems will require developing institutions with appropriate incentives that emphasize "win-win" scenarios for both groups. Title: The Economics of Cooperative Fishery Research: A Survey of U.S. West Coast Groundfish Industry and Scientists Author: Sylvia, Gil, Harms, John Year: 2001 Cooperative research, the active participation of industry in scientific research, is receiving increased attention as an alternative to traditional government-sponsored methods. Its strongest attributes are its potential to improve spatial and temporal collection of fishery data while reducing some research costs. Despite these potential benefits, there are obstacles to adopting cooperative research on a large scale including concerns about biased data, continuity with current data regimes, and the motivations of the participants. Acknowledging these limitations, this research examines the factors that influence industry's willingness to participate in cooperative research with fishery scientists. During summer 1998, scientists and fishermen in the U.S. West Coast groundfish fishery participated in a mail survey that asked respondents to assess several potential cooperative research projects on the basis of their perceived costs and benefits. Scientists and fishermen differed most strongly on “observer programs” and “interviewing fishermen to gather qualitative data.” The survey also included hypothetical scenarios where fishing vessels would be chartered for research. Fishermen assigned a "desirability" score and "willingness to supply" their vessel for research as a function of varying levels of compensation, days at sea, consultation into the design and conduct of the research, and other factors. Based on a utility of profit supply model, results were analyzed using ordinary least squares. Compensation and skipper consultation had the largest effect on the charter's desirability and respondents' willingness to supply. Age, education, and gear type also significantly affected fishermen's willingness to participate in the charters. These results suggest significant problems in the manner in which scientists and industry relate. Addressing these problems will require developing institutions with appropriate incentives that emphasize "win-win" scenarios for both groups. Close

• 78. [Article] A Vessel Cost Sampling Model

  The Social Sciences Branch (SSB) of NOAA’s Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) uses economic data to estimate the economic impacts of fisheries regulatory actions. Since 1995, the Northeast Fisheries ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Vessel Cost Sampling Model Author: Gates, John M., Kitts, Andrew The Social Sciences Branch (SSB) of NOAA’s Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) uses economic data to estimate the economic impacts of fisheries regulatory actions. Since 1995, the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program has collected trip cost information from commercial fishing vessels on which observers have been deployed. However, the allocation of observer coverage to fisheries is largely determined by non-economic needs (e.g., regulatory compliance and monitoring, bycatch estimation, and assessment of protected species interactions). To obtain cost data from a much wide variety of fisheries, the SSB funds additional observer coverage to acquire economic data from underrepresented fisheries. In this paper, we describe a mathematical programming model to allocate marginal observer coverage, in terms of observer sea days. We apply a simple logarithmic utility function to the fisheries of New England. The potential universe of observations is divided into strata based on vessel size, gear type, and state of landing. Certain a priori assumptions underlie the approach: • Costs are assumed heterogeneous across strata until such time as statistical analysis supports the null hypothesis • The marginal utility of observations in a given cell is subject to diminishing returns • The utility of observations decays with age • The marginal utility of zero observations is positive and finite • The cost-effectiveness of data collection can be reduced by software that automates the process In addition: • Data collection each year is limited by a budget • Current data collection takes into account the amount of past data for each cell and most data will be collected via other programs Title: A Vessel Cost Sampling Model Author: Gates, John M., Kitts, Andrew The Social Sciences Branch (SSB) of NOAA’s Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) uses economic data to estimate the economic impacts of fisheries regulatory actions. Since 1995, the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program has collected trip cost information from commercial fishing vessels on which observers have been deployed. However, the allocation of observer coverage to fisheries is largely determined by non-economic needs (e.g., regulatory compliance and monitoring, bycatch estimation, and assessment of protected species interactions). To obtain cost data from a much wide variety of fisheries, the SSB funds additional observer coverage to acquire economic data from underrepresented fisheries. In this paper, we describe a mathematical programming model to allocate marginal observer coverage, in terms of observer sea days. We apply a simple logarithmic utility function to the fisheries of New England. The potential universe of observations is divided into strata based on vessel size, gear type, and state of landing. Certain a priori assumptions underlie the approach: • Costs are assumed heterogeneous across strata until such time as statistical analysis supports the null hypothesis • The marginal utility of observations in a given cell is subject to diminishing returns • The utility of observations decays with age • The marginal utility of zero observations is positive and finite • The cost-effectiveness of data collection can be reduced by software that automates the process In addition: • Data collection each year is limited by a budget • Current data collection takes into account the amount of past data for each cell and most data will be collected via other programs Close

• 79. [Article] Spatial management of small-scale fisheries targeting metapopulations with source-sink configuration: a parsimonious ecosystem approach

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Spatial management of small-scale fisheries targeting metapopulations with source-sink configuration: a parsimonious ecosystem approach Author: Seijo, Juan Carlos Abstract only. Title: Spatial management of small-scale fisheries targeting metapopulations with source-sink configuration: a parsimonious ecosystem approach Author: Seijo, Juan Carlos Abstract only. Close

• 80. [Article] Linking ecology, economics, and fleet dynamics to evaluate alternative management strategies for US West Coast trawl fisheries

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Linking ecology, economics, and fleet dynamics to evaluate alternative management strategies for US West Coast trawl fisheries Author: Kaplan, Isaac, Fulton, Elizabeth, Holland, Daniel Abstract only. Title: Linking ecology, economics, and fleet dynamics to evaluate alternative management strategies for US West Coast trawl fisheries Author: Kaplan, Isaac, Fulton, Elizabeth, Holland, Daniel Abstract only. Close