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• 51. [Article] The British Columbia Salmon Fishery “Buyback” Program? A Case Study in Capacity Reduction

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The British Columbia Salmon Fishery “Buyback” Program? A Case Study in Capacity Reduction Author: James, Michelle Research Paper Title: The British Columbia Salmon Fishery “Buyback” Program? A Case Study in Capacity Reduction Author: James, Michelle Research Paper Close

• 52. [Article] Internationalization Processes in the Salmon Farming Industry

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Internationalization Processes in the Salmon Farming Industry Author: Iversen, Audun Research Paper Title: Internationalization Processes in the Salmon Farming Industry Author: Iversen, Audun Research Paper Close

• 53. [Article] Norwegian Salmonid Farming and Global Warming: Spatial Distribution and Value Adding

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Norwegian Salmonid Farming and Global Warming: Spatial Distribution and Value Adding Author: Heen, Knut, Hermansen, Øystein Abstract only. Title: Norwegian Salmonid Farming and Global Warming: Spatial Distribution and Value Adding Author: Heen, Knut, Hermansen, Øystein Abstract only. Close

• 54. [Article] Voluntary Approaches to Transitioning from Competive Fisheries to Rights- Based Management

  Despite potential advantages of rights-based management over competitive fisheries, there has been significant political resistance to rights-based management from many fishermen, which has slowed the adoption ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Voluntary Approaches to Transitioning from Competive Fisheries to Rights- Based Management Author: Knapp, Gunnar, Murphy, James J. Despite potential advantages of rights-based management over competitive fisheries, there has been significant political resistance to rights-based management from many fishermen, which has slowed the adoption of rights-based management. This paper explores the concept of voluntary transitions to rights-based management, under which fishermen may choose between an allocated fishery (with individual or group quotas) or a competitive fishery, and the relative distribution of the total quota between the allocated and competitive fishery depends upon how many fishermen choose to participate in each. Voluntary transitions are possible if (a) access has already been limited; and (b) it is possible to divide the fishery—for example temporally or spatially—into two fisheries managed under different rules. By allocating disproportionately more fish to the competitive fishery, voluntary transitions may become a “win-win” approach under which both groups become better off, while over time an increasing proportion of fishermen choose to join the allocated fishery. This paper uses an experimental approach, in which subjects simulate actual fishing, to test and demonstrate the potential of voluntary transitions from competitive to rights-based fishing. The paper also discusses the Alaska Chignik salmon cooperative, an example of a voluntary transition from competitive to rights-based fishing. Title: Voluntary Approaches to Transitioning from Competive Fisheries to Rights- Based Management Author: Knapp, Gunnar, Murphy, James J. Despite potential advantages of rights-based management over competitive fisheries, there has been significant political resistance to rights-based management from many fishermen, which has slowed the adoption of rights-based management. This paper explores the concept of voluntary transitions to rights-based management, under which fishermen may choose between an allocated fishery (with individual or group quotas) or a competitive fishery, and the relative distribution of the total quota between the allocated and competitive fishery depends upon how many fishermen choose to participate in each. Voluntary transitions are possible if (a) access has already been limited; and (b) it is possible to divide the fishery—for example temporally or spatially—into two fisheries managed under different rules. By allocating disproportionately more fish to the competitive fishery, voluntary transitions may become a “win-win” approach under which both groups become better off, while over time an increasing proportion of fishermen choose to join the allocated fishery. This paper uses an experimental approach, in which subjects simulate actual fishing, to test and demonstrate the potential of voluntary transitions from competitive to rights-based fishing. The paper also discusses the Alaska Chignik salmon cooperative, an example of a voluntary transition from competitive to rights-based fishing. Close

• 55. [Article] Fishermen, Markets, and Population Diversity

  Fishing impacts biodiversity on multiple levels, potentially resulting in unintended feedbacks to economic performance of the fishery over time. For example, targeting observable traits within a population ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishermen, Markets, and Population Diversity Author: Sanchirico, James N., Jardine, Sunny Fishing impacts biodiversity on multiple levels, potentially resulting in unintended feedbacks to economic performance of the fishery over time. For example, targeting observable traits within a population can impact genetic diversity, targeting populations within a species can impact population diversity, and targeting valuable species can impact biodiversity at the ecosystem level. The natural science and economics literatures, however, have given little attention to the impact of fishing on population diversity, even though population diversity is directly linked ecosystem services and estimates of population extinction rates are three orders of magnitude higher than species extinction rates. Here we develop a stochastic bioeconomic model that links the harvest of multiple salmon populations by a single commercial fishery to the trajectory of population diversity in a salmon stock complex. We parameterize our model with biological and economic data from the Copper River Chinook salmon fishery. We show that markets can incentivize the degradation of population diversity, reducing infra-marginal fishery rents and increase the variability in financial returns to the fishery. Factors impacting the magnitude of our results include the level and distribution of harvesting efficiency and market conditions. We also show that second-best management can conserve population diversity and improve welfare. Furthermore, depending fishermen’s time preferences, this management strategy is potentially self-financing. Title: Fishermen, Markets, and Population Diversity Author: Sanchirico, James N., Jardine, Sunny Fishing impacts biodiversity on multiple levels, potentially resulting in unintended feedbacks to economic performance of the fishery over time. For example, targeting observable traits within a population can impact genetic diversity, targeting populations within a species can impact population diversity, and targeting valuable species can impact biodiversity at the ecosystem level. The natural science and economics literatures, however, have given little attention to the impact of fishing on population diversity, even though population diversity is directly linked ecosystem services and estimates of population extinction rates are three orders of magnitude higher than species extinction rates. Here we develop a stochastic bioeconomic model that links the harvest of multiple salmon populations by a single commercial fishery to the trajectory of population diversity in a salmon stock complex. We parameterize our model with biological and economic data from the Copper River Chinook salmon fishery. We show that markets can incentivize the degradation of population diversity, reducing infra-marginal fishery rents and increase the variability in financial returns to the fishery. Factors impacting the magnitude of our results include the level and distribution of harvesting efficiency and market conditions. We also show that second-best management can conserve population diversity and improve welfare. Furthermore, depending fishermen’s time preferences, this management strategy is potentially self-financing. Close

• 56. [Article] Biosecurity vs. Profits: A Multi-Objective Model for the Aquaculture Industry

  In this paper we measure the value of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits. For this we model the trade-off between biosecurity and profits in the salmon aquaculture industry. We introduce ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Biosecurity vs. Profits: A Multi-Objective Model for the Aquaculture Industry Author: Estay-Montecinos, Manuel, Dresdner-Cid, Jorge In this paper we measure the value of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits. For this we model the trade-off between biosecurity and profits in the salmon aquaculture industry. We introduce the concept of “sanitary desirable volume” of the salmon industry, as a goal in a bi-objective model. We are able to optimize this model, using base information relevant for the Los Lagos Region in Chile, and identify a Pareto Frontier. Within this setting we analyze the shadow price of one objective in terms of the other, the effect of changes in the administrative regulations that limit fish density in the farms, and of prices on the Pareto frontier. We find that the effect of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits is quantitatively important and that this effect is dependent on the level of sanitary restrictions and on the relative product prices. This has important implications for the design of sanitary restrictions. The level of the sanitary desirable volume should be determined carefully to avoid costly excessive regulation. Moreover, market conditions can also affect the optimal level of regulation. Title: Biosecurity vs. Profits: A Multi-Objective Model for the Aquaculture Industry Author: Estay-Montecinos, Manuel, Dresdner-Cid, Jorge In this paper we measure the value of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits. For this we model the trade-off between biosecurity and profits in the salmon aquaculture industry. We introduce the concept of “sanitary desirable volume” of the salmon industry, as a goal in a bi-objective model. We are able to optimize this model, using base information relevant for the Los Lagos Region in Chile, and identify a Pareto Frontier. Within this setting we analyze the shadow price of one objective in terms of the other, the effect of changes in the administrative regulations that limit fish density in the farms, and of prices on the Pareto frontier. We find that the effect of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits is quantitatively important and that this effect is dependent on the level of sanitary restrictions and on the relative product prices. This has important implications for the design of sanitary restrictions. The level of the sanitary desirable volume should be determined carefully to avoid costly excessive regulation. Moreover, market conditions can also affect the optimal level of regulation. Close

• 57. [Article] Estimating the Economic Cost of Viral Salmonid Disease in UK Aquaculture

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Estimating the Economic Cost of Viral Salmonid Disease in UK Aquaculture Author: Fofana, Abdulai Abstract only. Title: Estimating the Economic Cost of Viral Salmonid Disease in UK Aquaculture Author: Fofana, Abdulai Abstract only. Close

• 58. [Article] The Trade Liberation and Fish Consumption

  Finland became a member of the European Union (EU) in 1995. After that the food market has changed radically. At the same time the eating away from home has become increasingly common. The aim of this paper ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Trade Liberation and Fish Consumption Author: Honkanen, Asmo, Setälä, Jari, Saarni, Kaija Finland became a member of the European Union (EU) in 1995. After that the food market has changed radically. At the same time the eating away from home has become increasingly common. The aim of this paper is to describe the development of fish consumption in the Finnish catering service sector. The focus is to evaluate the period during rapid market changes. The estimation of fish consumption was based on a statistical sample and the data was collected in 1988, 1991, 1994 and 2005. It was found that the fish consumption has increased 30 per cent during the last ten years. The growth is exclusively based on imported fish. All types of imported fish products were used for meals more than earlier, but the consumption of fresh fish products has grown most extensively. The consumption of salmon and salmon trout increased most, while domestic caught Baltic herring is considerably less important than earlier. The frequency of serving fish meals has also increased. The abolition of national trade restrictions on fresh fish has inevitably had an impact on the consumption of fish in the catering sector. Title: The Trade Liberation and Fish Consumption Author: Honkanen, Asmo, Setälä, Jari, Saarni, Kaija Finland became a member of the European Union (EU) in 1995. After that the food market has changed radically. At the same time the eating away from home has become increasingly common. The aim of this paper is to describe the development of fish consumption in the Finnish catering service sector. The focus is to evaluate the period during rapid market changes. The estimation of fish consumption was based on a statistical sample and the data was collected in 1988, 1991, 1994 and 2005. It was found that the fish consumption has increased 30 per cent during the last ten years. The growth is exclusively based on imported fish. All types of imported fish products were used for meals more than earlier, but the consumption of fresh fish products has grown most extensively. The consumption of salmon and salmon trout increased most, while domestic caught Baltic herring is considerably less important than earlier. The frequency of serving fish meals has also increased. The abolition of national trade restrictions on fresh fish has inevitably had an impact on the consumption of fish in the catering sector. Close

• 59. [Article] Species Extinction and Cultural Arrogance: The Perils of Ignoring History

  For more than a century, politicians, newspaper editors, tate and federal fisheries managers, and their various constituencies with an interest in salmon have complained,lobbied and petitioned, sought ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Species Extinction and Cultural Arrogance: The Perils of Ignoring History Author: Robbins, William G. Year: 2001 For more than a century, politicians, newspaper editors, tate and federal fisheries managers, and their various constituencies with an interest in salmon have complained,lobbied and petitioned, sought legislative relief, and studied to near extinction the declining runs of the Pacific Northwest’s anadromous fish runs. All to no avail, of course. Management efforts have failed; the attempt to the establish reliable, predictive models has failed; massive federal expenditures to rescue crashing stocks have failed; and endeavors to achieve consensus about future policymaking have failed. And today one can add to the now familiar story of extinct and endangered salmon, similar tales about ocean groundfish, newly impoverished fishing communities, reductions in fleet size, and more federal bailouts. What is fascinating in the unveiling of this most recent story is the sense of history repeating itself as commercial fishers shift from one species to the next. Title: Species Extinction and Cultural Arrogance: The Perils of Ignoring History Author: Robbins, William G. Year: 2001 For more than a century, politicians, newspaper editors, tate and federal fisheries managers, and their various constituencies with an interest in salmon have complained,lobbied and petitioned, sought legislative relief, and studied to near extinction the declining runs of the Pacific Northwest’s anadromous fish runs. All to no avail, of course. Management efforts have failed; the attempt to the establish reliable, predictive models has failed; massive federal expenditures to rescue crashing stocks have failed; and endeavors to achieve consensus about future policymaking have failed. And today one can add to the now familiar story of extinct and endangered salmon, similar tales about ocean groundfish, newly impoverished fishing communities, reductions in fleet size, and more federal bailouts. What is fascinating in the unveiling of this most recent story is the sense of history repeating itself as commercial fishers shift from one species to the next. Close

• 60. [Article] A Review of Fishery Research in the Pacific Area

  It is impossible to place a date on the beginning of fishery research. It no doubt existed in a primitive way among the earliest civilizations. For practical reasons, the scope of this paper is limited ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Review of Fishery Research in the Pacific Area Author: Atkinson, Clinton E. Year: 2001 It is impossible to place a date on the beginning of fishery research. It no doubt existed in a primitive way among the earliest civilizations. For practical reasons, the scope of this paper is limited to the four countries bordering the North Pacific--Japan, Canada, Russia and the United States--and to research directed towards a better understanding and management of the fishery resources of commercial value. It is interesting that development of fishery research in three of the four countries was prompted by a serious decline in their salmon runs and by the adoption of hatcheries as a means to restore or maintain the depleted runs. The only difference was in Russia where fishery research began with a decline in sturgeon in the Volga and the Caspian Sea. In the Russian Far East, however, it again was a decline in salmon in the Amur and Sakhalin rivers and all were linked primarily to loss or damage to their freshwater environment. Overfishing and destructive fishing practices were recognized almost from the beginning but it was not until 1917 that the work of Thompson on Pacific halibut led to the development of modern theory of population dynamics for the management of the fisheries. Following are notes on the development of fishery research in each of the four countries. Title: A Review of Fishery Research in the Pacific Area Author: Atkinson, Clinton E. Year: 2001 It is impossible to place a date on the beginning of fishery research. It no doubt existed in a primitive way among the earliest civilizations. For practical reasons, the scope of this paper is limited to the four countries bordering the North Pacific--Japan, Canada, Russia and the United States--and to research directed towards a better understanding and management of the fishery resources of commercial value. It is interesting that development of fishery research in three of the four countries was prompted by a serious decline in their salmon runs and by the adoption of hatcheries as a means to restore or maintain the depleted runs. The only difference was in Russia where fishery research began with a decline in sturgeon in the Volga and the Caspian Sea. In the Russian Far East, however, it again was a decline in salmon in the Amur and Sakhalin rivers and all were linked primarily to loss or damage to their freshwater environment. Overfishing and destructive fishing practices were recognized almost from the beginning but it was not until 1917 that the work of Thompson on Pacific halibut led to the development of modern theory of population dynamics for the management of the fisheries. Following are notes on the development of fishery research in each of the four countries. Close