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• 11. [Article] The Bio-Economics of Sea Turtle Use in Mexico: History of Exploitation and Conservation Policies for the Olive Ridly (Lepidochelys olivacea)

  Illegal behavior among fishermen is often explained using models that abstract from the moral and the political realm. These same models may also abstract from the institutional realities of law making ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Bio-Economics of Sea Turtle Use in Mexico: History of Exploitation and Conservation Policies for the Olive Ridly (Lepidochelys olivacea) Author: Wilson, James, Trinidad, Hector Year: 2001 Illegal behavior among fishermen is often explained using models that abstract from the moral and the political realm. These same models may also abstract from the institutional realities of law making and the behavioral realities of small businesses and families. Illegal behavior may be a result of situations where policy shifts are more rapid than the adjustments in consumption and production decisions by resource users. These divergences between what governments would like to see, and what resource users are actually capable of doing, are accentuated in situations where alternatives are limited among users, and where public decision-making is more centralized. The regulation and exploitation of the Olive Ridley sea turtle in Mexico is an example of the relationships between public management objectives of conservation and development of economic opportunity, legislative evolution and inertia, and industrial development. However, providing for economic needs of local communities in the past has played a large role in shaping the path of exploitation seen in recent years. The fact that institutional evolution has a history introduces temporal complexity to the management problem. An examination of the legal, industrial, and customary record may be in order for Mexico, to obtain clues about what should be done in the future. Title: The Bio-Economics of Sea Turtle Use in Mexico: History of Exploitation and Conservation Policies for the Olive Ridly (Lepidochelys olivacea) Author: Wilson, James, Trinidad, Hector Year: 2001 Illegal behavior among fishermen is often explained using models that abstract from the moral and the political realm. These same models may also abstract from the institutional realities of law making and the behavioral realities of small businesses and families. Illegal behavior may be a result of situations where policy shifts are more rapid than the adjustments in consumption and production decisions by resource users. These divergences between what governments would like to see, and what resource users are actually capable of doing, are accentuated in situations where alternatives are limited among users, and where public decision-making is more centralized. The regulation and exploitation of the Olive Ridley sea turtle in Mexico is an example of the relationships between public management objectives of conservation and development of economic opportunity, legislative evolution and inertia, and industrial development. However, providing for economic needs of local communities in the past has played a large role in shaping the path of exploitation seen in recent years. The fact that institutional evolution has a history introduces temporal complexity to the management problem. An examination of the legal, industrial, and customary record may be in order for Mexico, to obtain clues about what should be done in the future. Close

• 12. [Article] Challenging ITQs: Legal and Poltical Action in Iceland, Canada and Latin America

  The research for this paper was triggered by a stunning judgement of the Icelandic Supreme Court in December 1998, which declared as unconstitutional existing fisheries laws on individual transferable ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Challenging ITQs: Legal and Poltical Action in Iceland, Canada and Latin America Author: Copes, Parzival, Palsson, Gisli Year: 2001 The research for this paper was triggered by a stunning judgement of the Icelandic Supreme Court in December 1998, which declared as unconstitutional existing fisheries laws on individual transferable quotas (ITQs), because they privileged those who derived their fishing rights from ownership of vessels during a specific period over which their "fishing history" was established (Pálsson 1999, Copes 1999a, Gudmundsdóttir 1999). In Iceland, as elsewhere, it has been the practice to start up ITQ systems by giving away quotas for free to individuals or companies owning licensed fishing vessels at the time an ITQ regime is introduced. The amount of quota allocated to recipients is usually calculated in relation to their recent catch history. The Court decided that this privileged allocation violates both the constitutional provision against discrimination and the provision concerning the "right to work". This set the stage for intensified legal and political discussions in Iceland about ITQs. There are potential implications for the constitutionality or legality of similar systems elsewhere. The ruling is interesting, in its own right, to legal scholars, anthropologists, political scientists, and investigators concerned with common property regimes and public-trust doctrines. In our paper we explore emerging constitutional and political challenges to ITQ systems in Iceland, Canada and South America. Title: Challenging ITQs: Legal and Poltical Action in Iceland, Canada and Latin America Author: Copes, Parzival, Palsson, Gisli Year: 2001 The research for this paper was triggered by a stunning judgement of the Icelandic Supreme Court in December 1998, which declared as unconstitutional existing fisheries laws on individual transferable quotas (ITQs), because they privileged those who derived their fishing rights from ownership of vessels during a specific period over which their "fishing history" was established (Pálsson 1999, Copes 1999a, Gudmundsdóttir 1999). In Iceland, as elsewhere, it has been the practice to start up ITQ systems by giving away quotas for free to individuals or companies owning licensed fishing vessels at the time an ITQ regime is introduced. The amount of quota allocated to recipients is usually calculated in relation to their recent catch history. The Court decided that this privileged allocation violates both the constitutional provision against discrimination and the provision concerning the "right to work". This set the stage for intensified legal and political discussions in Iceland about ITQs. There are potential implications for the constitutionality or legality of similar systems elsewhere. The ruling is interesting, in its own right, to legal scholars, anthropologists, political scientists, and investigators concerned with common property regimes and public-trust doctrines. In our paper we explore emerging constitutional and political challenges to ITQ systems in Iceland, Canada and South America. Close

• 13. [Article] The Dungeness Crab Fishery: A Historical Perspective

  Dungeness crab stocks are healthy, with naturally occurring fluctuations in abundance. The fishing method is targeted and gear is selective. Bycatch mortality is minimal to non-existent. The issues facing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Dungeness Crab Fishery: A Historical Perspective Author: Furman, Nick Year: 2001 Dungeness crab stocks are healthy, with naturally occurring fluctuations in abundance. The fishing method is targeted and gear is selective. Bycatch mortality is minimal to non-existent. The issues facing this industry are not biological, but socioeconomic. The industry is working with the state management system to ensure a sound future for Dungeness crab fishing and processing. Title: The Dungeness Crab Fishery: A Historical Perspective Author: Furman, Nick Year: 2001 Dungeness crab stocks are healthy, with naturally occurring fluctuations in abundance. The fishing method is targeted and gear is selective. Bycatch mortality is minimal to non-existent. The issues facing this industry are not biological, but socioeconomic. The industry is working with the state management system to ensure a sound future for Dungeness crab fishing and processing. Close

• 14. [Article] Notes from “Why Not Merge the Social Sciences?” Session

  The presenter discusses the similarities between natural history and anthropological studies including methods and objectives. She suggests that that the audiences are different hence questions merger...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Notes from “Why Not Merge the Social Sciences?” Session Author: Hall, Roberta Year: 2001 The presenter discusses the similarities between natural history and anthropological studies including methods and objectives. She suggests that that the audiences are different hence questions merger. Title: Notes from “Why Not Merge the Social Sciences?” Session Author: Hall, Roberta Year: 2001 The presenter discusses the similarities between natural history and anthropological studies including methods and objectives. She suggests that that the audiences are different hence questions merger. Close

• 15. [Article] Climate and Fisheries: Costs and Benefits of Change

  Many records provide the bases for a clearer understanding of the roles of climate regime shifts and short-term perturbations in ecosystem dynamics, hence fisheries responses. Too few have taken the long ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climate and Fisheries: Costs and Benefits of Change Author: Klyashtorin, Leonid, Sharp, Gary D., Goodridge, James Year: 2001 Many records provide the bases for a clearer understanding of the roles of climate regime shifts and short-term perturbations in ecosystem dynamics, hence fisheries responses. Too few have taken the long view of the role of humans in this "Grand Fugue". As one of many predators, it is imperative that humans begin to understand that our various activities are subject to basic ecological principles, such as the concepts of growth limitations imposed by scarcities and habitat debilitations. Most of human history (evolution, growth, colonizations, displacements, resource scarcity, competition for resources) are direct consequences of normal, natural climate fluctuations, and local, regional and global ecological responses. Early fisheries were subsistence levels, with some situations where fishing communities bartered or traded for goods from adjacent highlands or forest cultures. We have also become extremely vulnerable to any persistent climate changes. Following the Medieval Warm period (~900-1180), the onset of the Little Ice Age (LIA) brought changes in regional productivity, disease, and death that began the global transition from Feudal society to the "pay as you go" economics that now dominate the world's major economies. Over the recent two to three centuries humans have swarmed over the remaining terrain, and spread out onto the seas. Modern history relates the continuous growth, expansion and generalized superposition of industrial fisheries onto older coastal subsistence communities, initiating extensive competition, overexploitation, and with resultant dwindling resources and habitat destruction. I have started a Timeline of Fisheries Development that provides a framework of information upon which these facts are derived: <.http://www.monterey.edu/faculty/SharpGary/world/FisheryTimeline.html> I will continue to develop the Timeline, so that others might learn how humans resolve the issues of complex aquatic ecosystems, limited resource sharing, or not. Title: Climate and Fisheries: Costs and Benefits of Change Author: Klyashtorin, Leonid, Sharp, Gary D., Goodridge, James Year: 2001 Many records provide the bases for a clearer understanding of the roles of climate regime shifts and short-term perturbations in ecosystem dynamics, hence fisheries responses. Too few have taken the long view of the role of humans in this "Grand Fugue". As one of many predators, it is imperative that humans begin to understand that our various activities are subject to basic ecological principles, such as the concepts of growth limitations imposed by scarcities and habitat debilitations. Most of human history (evolution, growth, colonizations, displacements, resource scarcity, competition for resources) are direct consequences of normal, natural climate fluctuations, and local, regional and global ecological responses. Early fisheries were subsistence levels, with some situations where fishing communities bartered or traded for goods from adjacent highlands or forest cultures. We have also become extremely vulnerable to any persistent climate changes. Following the Medieval Warm period (~900-1180), the onset of the Little Ice Age (LIA) brought changes in regional productivity, disease, and death that began the global transition from Feudal society to the "pay as you go" economics that now dominate the world's major economies. Over the recent two to three centuries humans have swarmed over the remaining terrain, and spread out onto the seas. Modern history relates the continuous growth, expansion and generalized superposition of industrial fisheries onto older coastal subsistence communities, initiating extensive competition, overexploitation, and with resultant dwindling resources and habitat destruction. I have started a Timeline of Fisheries Development that provides a framework of information upon which these facts are derived: <.http://www.monterey.edu/faculty/SharpGary/world/FisheryTimeline.html> I will continue to develop the Timeline, so that others might learn how humans resolve the issues of complex aquatic ecosystems, limited resource sharing, or not. Close

• 16. [Article] The Economic Repercussions of Fisheries-induced Evolution

  Abstract Only

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Economic Repercussions of Fisheries-induced Evolution Author: Eikeset, Anne Maria, Richter, Andries, Dunlop, Erin, Stenseth, Nils Chr., Dieckmann, Ulf Abstract Only Title: The Economic Repercussions of Fisheries-induced Evolution Author: Eikeset, Anne Maria, Richter, Andries, Dunlop, Erin, Stenseth, Nils Chr., Dieckmann, Ulf Abstract Only Close

• 17. [Article] The Coral Triangle Initiative: new Climate Change adaptation initiative in fisheries management

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Coral Triangle Initiative: new Climate Change adaptation initiative in fisheries management Author: McElroy, James Kevin, Rudianto, Eko Abstract only. Title: The Coral Triangle Initiative: new Climate Change adaptation initiative in fisheries management Author: McElroy, James Kevin, Rudianto, Eko Abstract only. Close

• 18. [Article] Return to the Nation: Resource Rentals and Cost Recovery

  The evolution of the Quota Management System of fisheries management in New Zealand has been accompanied by four innovations in the specific mechanisms used by government to collect revenue from commercial fishers ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Return to the Nation: Resource Rentals and Cost Recovery Author: McClurg, Tom Year: 2001 The evolution of the Quota Management System of fisheries management in New Zealand has been accompanied by four innovations in the specific mechanisms used by government to collect revenue from commercial fishers and quota owners. These are: the introduction of resource rentals, the removal of resource rentals, the introduction of cost recovery and the proposed substantial modification of the cost recovery regime. This paper reviews the history of these innovations and identifies some of the key incentives associated with them. In particular, the interaction between these incentives and the overall incentive set suggested by a framework of secure property rights is examined. Title: Return to the Nation: Resource Rentals and Cost Recovery Author: McClurg, Tom Year: 2001 The evolution of the Quota Management System of fisheries management in New Zealand has been accompanied by four innovations in the specific mechanisms used by government to collect revenue from commercial fishers and quota owners. These are: the introduction of resource rentals, the removal of resource rentals, the introduction of cost recovery and the proposed substantial modification of the cost recovery regime. This paper reviews the history of these innovations and identifies some of the key incentives associated with them. In particular, the interaction between these incentives and the overall incentive set suggested by a framework of secure property rights is examined. Close

• 19. [Article] Ninety Years of Trolling

  Trolling (the use of lures behind a moving boat) for salmon has probably been practiced for thousands of years with oars and sails. But it was not until the advent of reliable gasoline engines and increased ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ninety Years of Trolling Author: Heikkila, Paul Year: 2001 Trolling (the use of lures behind a moving boat) for salmon has probably been practiced for thousands of years with oars and sails. But it was not until the advent of reliable gasoline engines and increased regulations on the estuary gillnet fisheries of San Francisco Bay and the Columbia River that trolling became a commercial venture off the West Coast. About 1910, gillnetters on San Francisco Bay and slightly later on the Columbia River began putting lures behind their gillnet vessels and fishing in the open ocean during gillnet closures. The fishery primarily did, and still does, target Chinook salmon (King, Yee, Spring) and to a lesser extent Coho (Silvers) and on some years, Pink salmon. When a salmon troller refers to a fish as a “salmon” he was always referring to, and still does, Chinook. Title: Ninety Years of Trolling Author: Heikkila, Paul Year: 2001 Trolling (the use of lures behind a moving boat) for salmon has probably been practiced for thousands of years with oars and sails. But it was not until the advent of reliable gasoline engines and increased regulations on the estuary gillnet fisheries of San Francisco Bay and the Columbia River that trolling became a commercial venture off the West Coast. About 1910, gillnetters on San Francisco Bay and slightly later on the Columbia River began putting lures behind their gillnet vessels and fishing in the open ocean during gillnet closures. The fishery primarily did, and still does, target Chinook salmon (King, Yee, Spring) and to a lesser extent Coho (Silvers) and on some years, Pink salmon. When a salmon troller refers to a fish as a “salmon” he was always referring to, and still does, Chinook. Close

• 20. [Article] Study on Building a Traceability System for Whale Meat

  Research Paper

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Study on Building a Traceability System for Whale Meat Author: Sadayuki, Oka, Kuwabara, Shinji, Wakabayashi, Takashi, Nagano, Akira, Mikami, Sadayoshi, Narumi, Hideto Research Paper Title: Study on Building a Traceability System for Whale Meat Author: Sadayuki, Oka, Kuwabara, Shinji, Wakabayashi, Takashi, Nagano, Akira, Mikami, Sadayoshi, Narumi, Hideto Research Paper Close