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• 1. [Article] Role exits among the aged

  The concept of role exit presented by Zena Smith Blau in her book, Old Age in a Changing Society, refers to the ongoing process of relinquishing previously enacted social roles; a process which is part ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Role exits among the aged Author: Mancini, Nancy Whitelaw Year: 1975 The concept of role exit presented by Zena Smith Blau in her book, Old Age in a Changing Society, refers to the ongoing process of relinquishing previously enacted social roles; a process which is part of everyday life for men and women of all ages. However, Blau argues that role exits in later life are different from those in earlier stages of the life cycle because they tend to be terminal and involuntary. These factors, according to Blau, cause role exits in old age to negatively influence the individual's overall satisfaction with life. This thesis examines the concept of role exit from three perspective: first, from a theoretical perspective as it emerges out of social role theory; second, in a substantive context as it relates to the problem of old age; and finally, from an empirical perspective as an indicator of reported life satisfaction among a sample of older adults. Title: Role exits among the aged Author: Mancini, Nancy Whitelaw Year: 1975 The concept of role exit presented by Zena Smith Blau in her book, Old Age in a Changing Society, refers to the ongoing process of relinquishing previously enacted social roles; a process which is part of everyday life for men and women of all ages. However, Blau argues that role exits in later life are different from those in earlier stages of the life cycle because they tend to be terminal and involuntary. These factors, according to Blau, cause role exits in old age to negatively influence the individual's overall satisfaction with life. This thesis examines the concept of role exit from three perspective: first, from a theoretical perspective as it emerges out of social role theory; second, in a substantive context as it relates to the problem of old age; and finally, from an empirical perspective as an indicator of reported life satisfaction among a sample of older adults. Close

• 2. [Article] Age, emotional maturity and the decision to marry

  The decision to marry and choice of mate are two issues contemplated by most individuals during their lifetime. It is our belief that the manner in which an individual makes these decisions is a reflection ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Age, emotional maturity and the decision to marry Author: Duclos, Patricia Ann, Thomas, David F., Zusman, Joanne Year: 1971 The decision to marry and choice of mate are two issues contemplated by most individuals during their lifetime. It is our belief that the manner in which an individual makes these decisions is a reflection of that individual’s level of emotional maturity. In our society, the right to enter into a marriage agreement is largely determined by chronological age. Our research problem began with the hypothesis that there is no direct relationship between chronological age and emotional maturity at the time of marriage. For our study, marriages were divided into two general categories: 1) teenage marriages in which at least one partner was 20 years of age or younger, and 2) adult marriages in which one partner was Z1 years of age or older. The three independent variables studied were: age, sex of respondent, and sex of spouse. The dependent variable was emotional maturity. Emotional maturity was operationally defined by a questionnaire consisting of 67 statements about why people decide to marry, and why they chose their particular spouse. A panel of 12 experts in the field of marriage counseling were asked to rate each statement on a seven point scale of maturity-immaturity. The range and mode for each statement was computed and used to construct a new questionnaire consisting of 30 statements. Emotional maturity was defined by the absolute difference between the individual respondent’s rating and the expert’s modal response. A sample population was selected using recently married individuals who had applied for marriage licenses in Multnomah County, Oregon. The second questionnaire was mailed to the respondents. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design was used to identify which variable or combination of variables accounted for any discrepancy. A multiple regression analysis and a F test were run to test the hypothesis of the study. The data received supported the null hypothesis. However, there were several conceptual and methodological limitations to the study which raise questions as to the reliability of the measuring instrument and use of the concept of emotional maturity. Title: Age, emotional maturity and the decision to marry Author: Duclos, Patricia Ann, Thomas, David F., Zusman, Joanne Year: 1971 The decision to marry and choice of mate are two issues contemplated by most individuals during their lifetime. It is our belief that the manner in which an individual makes these decisions is a reflection of that individual’s level of emotional maturity. In our society, the right to enter into a marriage agreement is largely determined by chronological age. Our research problem began with the hypothesis that there is no direct relationship between chronological age and emotional maturity at the time of marriage. For our study, marriages were divided into two general categories: 1) teenage marriages in which at least one partner was 20 years of age or younger, and 2) adult marriages in which one partner was Z1 years of age or older. The three independent variables studied were: age, sex of respondent, and sex of spouse. The dependent variable was emotional maturity. Emotional maturity was operationally defined by a questionnaire consisting of 67 statements about why people decide to marry, and why they chose their particular spouse. A panel of 12 experts in the field of marriage counseling were asked to rate each statement on a seven point scale of maturity-immaturity. The range and mode for each statement was computed and used to construct a new questionnaire consisting of 30 statements. Emotional maturity was defined by the absolute difference between the individual respondent’s rating and the expert’s modal response. A sample population was selected using recently married individuals who had applied for marriage licenses in Multnomah County, Oregon. The second questionnaire was mailed to the respondents. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design was used to identify which variable or combination of variables accounted for any discrepancy. A multiple regression analysis and a F test were run to test the hypothesis of the study. The data received supported the null hypothesis. However, there were several conceptual and methodological limitations to the study which raise questions as to the reliability of the measuring instrument and use of the concept of emotional maturity. Close

• 3. [Article] Measuring the Support Networks of Transition-Age Foster Youth: Preliminary Validation of a Social Network Assessment for Research and Practice

  Multi-dimensional social support is an important factor in any positive transition into young adulthood, and youth who are exiting foster care ideally receive comprehensive social support from a range ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Measuring the Support Networks of Transition-Age Foster Youth: Preliminary Validation of a Social Network Assessment for Research and Practice Author: Blakeslee, Jennifer E. Year: 2015 Multi-dimensional social support is an important factor in any positive transition into young adulthood, and youth who are exiting foster care ideally receive comprehensive social support from a range of informal and formal sources. Yet the social networks of transition-age foster youth are likely influenced over time by child welfare involvement, which can weaken or disrupt natural support relationships, while introducing service-oriented relationships that are not intended to last into adulthood. To better understand the social support context of youth aging out of care, we can apply social network theory and methods to systematically identify their networks of supportive relationships and explore support provision as a network-based indicator. This paper presents a methodological approach to measure foster youth support networks, and describes these networks in terms of their capacity to provide support as a function of size, composition, and density, and in terms of actual support provision through identified relationships. Such a measurement approach should be systematic and reliable over time, and capture social support constructs relevant to practice with this population; preliminary inter-item and test-retest consistency findings are promising, and the method demonstrates construct and predictive validity in comparison with a measure of perceived availability of social support. Title: Measuring the Support Networks of Transition-Age Foster Youth: Preliminary Validation of a Social Network Assessment for Research and Practice Author: Blakeslee, Jennifer E. Year: 2015 Multi-dimensional social support is an important factor in any positive transition into young adulthood, and youth who are exiting foster care ideally receive comprehensive social support from a range of informal and formal sources. Yet the social networks of transition-age foster youth are likely influenced over time by child welfare involvement, which can weaken or disrupt natural support relationships, while introducing service-oriented relationships that are not intended to last into adulthood. To better understand the social support context of youth aging out of care, we can apply social network theory and methods to systematically identify their networks of supportive relationships and explore support provision as a network-based indicator. This paper presents a methodological approach to measure foster youth support networks, and describes these networks in terms of their capacity to provide support as a function of size, composition, and density, and in terms of actual support provision through identified relationships. Such a measurement approach should be systematic and reliable over time, and capture social support constructs relevant to practice with this population; preliminary inter-item and test-retest consistency findings are promising, and the method demonstrates construct and predictive validity in comparison with a measure of perceived availability of social support. Close

• 4. [Article] "Fallen angels" : an historical review of program development and clientele of the Salvation Army White Shield Home with an emphasis on the years 1940-1976

  The following paper is a study of the history of the Salvation Army White Shield Home of Portland, Oregon with emphasis on the years 1940 through 1976. The White Shield Home is a residential program which ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: "Fallen angels" : an historical review of program development and clientele of the Salvation Army White Shield Home with an emphasis on the years 1940-1976 Author: Ballard, Wendy Jo Year: 1978 The following paper is a study of the history of the Salvation Army White Shield Home of Portland, Oregon with emphasis on the years 1940 through 1976. The White Shield Home is a residential program which provides comprehensive services to school-age parents. A complete description of the setting and the services offered is found in Chapter II. “School-age parents” is the current term used to refer to unmarried pregnant women and women with infants in an effort to eliminate the stigma attached to “unwed mother” or “pregnant teenager”. The purpose of the study is threefold: 1) to familiarize the reader with trends that occurred within the White Shield Home in regard to both agency and client, and allow the reader an appreciation of the various aspects of the Home; 2) to enhance the reader's awareness of the services provided by the Home and how each service came to be, in an effort to suggest the value of the Home to Portland and surrounding areas; and 3) to provide the basis for further study of White Shield Home. Title: "Fallen angels" : an historical review of program development and clientele of the Salvation Army White Shield Home with an emphasis on the years 1940-1976 Author: Ballard, Wendy Jo Year: 1978 The following paper is a study of the history of the Salvation Army White Shield Home of Portland, Oregon with emphasis on the years 1940 through 1976. The White Shield Home is a residential program which provides comprehensive services to school-age parents. A complete description of the setting and the services offered is found in Chapter II. “School-age parents” is the current term used to refer to unmarried pregnant women and women with infants in an effort to eliminate the stigma attached to “unwed mother” or “pregnant teenager”. The purpose of the study is threefold: 1) to familiarize the reader with trends that occurred within the White Shield Home in regard to both agency and client, and allow the reader an appreciation of the various aspects of the Home; 2) to enhance the reader's awareness of the services provided by the Home and how each service came to be, in an effort to suggest the value of the Home to Portland and surrounding areas; and 3) to provide the basis for further study of White Shield Home. Close

• 5. [Article] Better to Have It All?: Employment, Motherhood and Women’s Psychological Well-Being

  While there have been dramatic increases in the labor force participation among women with minor children, our understanding about their psychological consequences is limited. Using data from the National ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Better to Have It All?: Employment, Motherhood and Women’s Psychological Well-Being Author: Woo, Hyeyoung Year: 2009 While there have been dramatic increases in the labor force participation among women with minor children, our understanding about their psychological consequences is limited. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, this study addresses a question of how employment and motherhood are associated with women’s psychological well-being. It also assesses variations in the associations by occupational characteristics and age of children. Results show that the positive effects of employment on women’s psychological well-being are contingent upon family status by providing partial support for the work and family conflict perspective. While the overall association between motherhood and psychological well-being is neither exacerbated nor ameliorated by employment, unemployed women who either never married or childless married women report lower levels of psychological well-being. Variations in the relationship between employment and motherhood associated with psychological wellbeing by age of children and work characteristics are also found. Title: Better to Have It All?: Employment, Motherhood and Women’s Psychological Well-Being Author: Woo, Hyeyoung Year: 2009 While there have been dramatic increases in the labor force participation among women with minor children, our understanding about their psychological consequences is limited. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, this study addresses a question of how employment and motherhood are associated with women’s psychological well-being. It also assesses variations in the associations by occupational characteristics and age of children. Results show that the positive effects of employment on women’s psychological well-being are contingent upon family status by providing partial support for the work and family conflict perspective. While the overall association between motherhood and psychological well-being is neither exacerbated nor ameliorated by employment, unemployed women who either never married or childless married women report lower levels of psychological well-being. Variations in the relationship between employment and motherhood associated with psychological wellbeing by age of children and work characteristics are also found. Close

• 6. [Article] An examination of the relationship between population density, density related social factors, and physical morbidities

  The relationship between the number of persons per room in the home and the relative occurrence of stress-related morbidities of hospitalized patients is investigated. The social factors of age, social ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An examination of the relationship between population density, density related social factors, and physical morbidities Author: Huebner, Douglas King Year: 1976 The relationship between the number of persons per room in the home and the relative occurrence of stress-related morbidities of hospitalized patients is investigated. The social factors of age, social class, and level of social support also are examined as they relate to both density and morbidity type occurrence. The population under study is composed of all Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program members twenty years of age and older, discharged from Bess Kaiser Hospital during 1974, and whose diagnosed morbidity was included in specific morbidity categories. All data were obtained through the facilities of the Health Services Research Center, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Portland, Oregon. The data are largely ordinal in nature, and are presented in the form of contingency tables, utilizing chi square and Tau B as measures of degree of association and strength of relationship. An interval level of measurement is obtained through dichotomization of the variables and the derivation of Pearsonian correlation coefficients, and regression coefficients which are utilized in path analysis. The findings indicate that higher residential population density is related to disproportionate occurrence of some, but not all, stress-related morbidities, and that some stress-related morbidities are associated with low population density. However, in comparing stress-related morbidities with non-stress related morbidities, it is found that more stress-related morbidity categories tend to be over-represented in the higher density regimes than those morbidities categorized as non-stress related. In addition, it is found that those stress-related morbidities that exhibit such a pattern of over-representation maintain it, in general, regardless of the controls applied. Age is found to be negatively related to density and to the occurrence of stress-related morbidities, while being positively related to socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status is found to be negatively related to both stress-related morbidity occurrence and to density. Social support is positively related to both density and to the occurrence of stress-related morbidities, but appears to have no relationship to either age or class. Hospital during 1974, and whose diagnosed morbidity was included in specific morbidity categories" All data were obtained through the facilities of the Health Services Research Center, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Portland, Oregon. Title: An examination of the relationship between population density, density related social factors, and physical morbidities Author: Huebner, Douglas King Year: 1976 The relationship between the number of persons per room in the home and the relative occurrence of stress-related morbidities of hospitalized patients is investigated. The social factors of age, social class, and level of social support also are examined as they relate to both density and morbidity type occurrence. The population under study is composed of all Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program members twenty years of age and older, discharged from Bess Kaiser Hospital during 1974, and whose diagnosed morbidity was included in specific morbidity categories. All data were obtained through the facilities of the Health Services Research Center, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Portland, Oregon. The data are largely ordinal in nature, and are presented in the form of contingency tables, utilizing chi square and Tau B as measures of degree of association and strength of relationship. An interval level of measurement is obtained through dichotomization of the variables and the derivation of Pearsonian correlation coefficients, and regression coefficients which are utilized in path analysis. The findings indicate that higher residential population density is related to disproportionate occurrence of some, but not all, stress-related morbidities, and that some stress-related morbidities are associated with low population density. However, in comparing stress-related morbidities with non-stress related morbidities, it is found that more stress-related morbidity categories tend to be over-represented in the higher density regimes than those morbidities categorized as non-stress related. In addition, it is found that those stress-related morbidities that exhibit such a pattern of over-representation maintain it, in general, regardless of the controls applied. Age is found to be negatively related to density and to the occurrence of stress-related morbidities, while being positively related to socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status is found to be negatively related to both stress-related morbidity occurrence and to density. Social support is positively related to both density and to the occurrence of stress-related morbidities, but appears to have no relationship to either age or class. Hospital during 1974, and whose diagnosed morbidity was included in specific morbidity categories" All data were obtained through the facilities of the Health Services Research Center, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Portland, Oregon. Close

• 7. [Article] Parental perceptions of behavioral changes in children following divorce

  This research was undertaken primarily to describe the parental perceptions of the effects of divorce upon the children age eighteen or younger of the first married couples filing for divorce in Clackamas ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Parental perceptions of behavioral changes in children following divorce Author: Bork, Kenneth W. Year: 1978 This research was undertaken primarily to describe the parental perceptions of the effects of divorce upon the children age eighteen or younger of the first married couples filing for divorce in Clackamas County, Oregon during 1975. Title: Parental perceptions of behavioral changes in children following divorce Author: Bork, Kenneth W. Year: 1978 This research was undertaken primarily to describe the parental perceptions of the effects of divorce upon the children age eighteen or younger of the first married couples filing for divorce in Clackamas County, Oregon during 1975. Close

• 8. [Article] Two Delivery System Contexts for the Elderly:The "Institutional" Approach and the "Community" Approach.

  Theoretically every society has some institutional means which seeks to prevent and alleviate personal misfortune and illness "Institutions are standardized solutions to collective problems." The increasing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Two Delivery System Contexts for the Elderly:The "Institutional" Approach and the "Community" Approach. Author: Freer, Mary Sarita Year: 1973 Theoretically every society has some institutional means which seeks to prevent and alleviate personal misfortune and illness "Institutions are standardized solutions to collective problems." The increasing population rate of older persons, many of whom suffer from chronic diseases and disabilities, does pose a collective problem for society. Formerly, the "institutional" approach developed to address the needs of chronic aging patients and society. Today the "community" approach, by which community service agencies whose goal is to help older adults remain independent of total institutional care by supplying supportive services, is achieving recognition . This thesis is an exploratory study to assess similarities and/or dissimilarities between two distinct groups of elderly persons -- those receiving services in a total institution and those living in the community but receiving supportive services via a community-based delivery system. This delivery system is concerned with supplying human services to those people assumed to be "at risk" of institutional care. It is assumed that the clients of such a system are similar to those persons within an institution. The major purpose of this study is to validate this assumption. If this assumption is proved true , it is thought that it could have important consequences on future policies concerning health-care systems for the aged. Title: Two Delivery System Contexts for the Elderly:The "Institutional" Approach and the "Community" Approach. Author: Freer, Mary Sarita Year: 1973 Theoretically every society has some institutional means which seeks to prevent and alleviate personal misfortune and illness "Institutions are standardized solutions to collective problems." The increasing population rate of older persons, many of whom suffer from chronic diseases and disabilities, does pose a collective problem for society. Formerly, the "institutional" approach developed to address the needs of chronic aging patients and society. Today the "community" approach, by which community service agencies whose goal is to help older adults remain independent of total institutional care by supplying supportive services, is achieving recognition . This thesis is an exploratory study to assess similarities and/or dissimilarities between two distinct groups of elderly persons -- those receiving services in a total institution and those living in the community but receiving supportive services via a community-based delivery system. This delivery system is concerned with supplying human services to those people assumed to be "at risk" of institutional care. It is assumed that the clients of such a system are similar to those persons within an institution. The major purpose of this study is to validate this assumption. If this assumption is proved true , it is thought that it could have important consequences on future policies concerning health-care systems for the aged. Close

• 9. [Article] Life satisfaction of elderly parents and parent-child relationships in old age

  This thesis is designed to explore the nature of the relationship between elderly parents and their children and to investigate the association of that relationship with life satisfaction of the elderly ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Life satisfaction of elderly parents and parent-child relationships in old age Author: Yeh, Tehchou Year: 1983 This thesis is designed to explore the nature of the relationship between elderly parents and their children and to investigate the association of that relationship with life satisfaction of the elderly parents. The examination of parents' life satisfaction is based on the activity theory of gerontology. The life satisfaction is measured by Adams's eighteen-item Life Satisfaction Index. The parent-child relationship is viewed from the standpoint of both the parents' expectations of their children and how the children fulfill these expectations. Filial discrepancies between parents' expectations and children's behavior are analyzed to fill a gap in the literature on behavioral and normative comparisons in generational relations. Title: Life satisfaction of elderly parents and parent-child relationships in old age Author: Yeh, Tehchou Year: 1983 This thesis is designed to explore the nature of the relationship between elderly parents and their children and to investigate the association of that relationship with life satisfaction of the elderly parents. The examination of parents' life satisfaction is based on the activity theory of gerontology. The life satisfaction is measured by Adams's eighteen-item Life Satisfaction Index. The parent-child relationship is viewed from the standpoint of both the parents' expectations of their children and how the children fulfill these expectations. Filial discrepancies between parents' expectations and children's behavior are analyzed to fill a gap in the literature on behavioral and normative comparisons in generational relations. Close

• 10. [Article] Illuminating the Experiences of Single Fathers

  The purpose of this thesis is to explore the experiences of single fathers and their roles as primary caregiver to their children as men in society adopting traditionally feminine roles. There was one ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Illuminating the Experiences of Single Fathers Author: Esbensen, Heidi Rosa Year: 2014 The purpose of this thesis is to explore the experiences of single fathers and their roles as primary caregiver to their children as men in society adopting traditionally feminine roles. There was one primary research question explored: How do single father's experience parenthood? This is explored through four sub questions and discussions about daily life and childrearing alone; childcare and work and family conflicts; use of services and support networks; and of particular interest, gender and the influence of masculinity. Through an analysis of interviews with 14 fathers of varying class status, age, education, and time spent as a single father, I captured broadly the ways in which these men maneuver their childrearing with their lives, and how they are challenging, yet still upholding aspects of hegemonic masculinity. By exploring how these fathers maneuver childrearing as a male in society I assist in gaining insight and understanding to this population that has been previously overlooked in academic research. Title: Illuminating the Experiences of Single Fathers Author: Esbensen, Heidi Rosa Year: 2014 The purpose of this thesis is to explore the experiences of single fathers and their roles as primary caregiver to their children as men in society adopting traditionally feminine roles. There was one primary research question explored: How do single father's experience parenthood? This is explored through four sub questions and discussions about daily life and childrearing alone; childcare and work and family conflicts; use of services and support networks; and of particular interest, gender and the influence of masculinity. Through an analysis of interviews with 14 fathers of varying class status, age, education, and time spent as a single father, I captured broadly the ways in which these men maneuver their childrearing with their lives, and how they are challenging, yet still upholding aspects of hegemonic masculinity. By exploring how these fathers maneuver childrearing as a male in society I assist in gaining insight and understanding to this population that has been previously overlooked in academic research. Close