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• 1. [Article] The Language Arts Classroom in the Nuclear Age

  There are many ways that Language Arts teachers can work to foster a new mode of thinking, a mode of thinking that can divert us from drifting towards the catastrophe Einstein warned of us 40 years ago. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Language Arts Classroom in the Nuclear Age Author: Ruben, Barbara Year: 1986 There are many ways that Language Arts teachers can work to foster a new mode of thinking, a mode of thinking that can divert us from drifting towards the catastrophe Einstein warned of us 40 years ago. This paper outlines how both Elbow and Graves offer practical and immediate teaching strategies for nuclear age education in the language arts classroom. Title: The Language Arts Classroom in the Nuclear Age Author: Ruben, Barbara Year: 1986 There are many ways that Language Arts teachers can work to foster a new mode of thinking, a mode of thinking that can divert us from drifting towards the catastrophe Einstein warned of us 40 years ago. This paper outlines how both Elbow and Graves offer practical and immediate teaching strategies for nuclear age education in the language arts classroom. Close

• 2. [Article] Race Differences in Cohort Effects on Nonmarital Fertility in the United States

  48 p.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Race Differences in Cohort Effects on Nonmarital Fertility in the United States Author: Stone, Joe A. (Joe Allan), 1948-, Gray, Jo Anna, Stockard, Jean, O'Brien, Robert Year: 2009, 2008 48 p. Title: Race Differences in Cohort Effects on Nonmarital Fertility in the United States Author: Stone, Joe A. (Joe Allan), 1948-, Gray, Jo Anna, Stockard, Jean, O'Brien, Robert Year: 2009, 2008 48 p. Close

• 3. [Article] A survey of reading-readiness skills and their application to the late reader

  Reading readiness is a subject that concerns reading teachers and educators. Inadequate readiness training may cause some students to become late readers, who can be identified as students who score below ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A survey of reading-readiness skills and their application to the late reader Author: Robbins, Gail E. Year: 1978 Reading readiness is a subject that concerns reading teachers and educators. Inadequate readiness training may cause some students to become late readers, who can be identified as students who score below their age and grade level on a standardized reading test. It is important to define reading readiness and examine the component skills and factors in order to help late readers. This examination was conducted by a study of reading-readiness literature. The reading-readiness skills include auditory discrimination, visual and visual-motor discrimination, development of language, concept formation, and reasoning skills. Readiness factors include fixed factors, social, and emotional factors. Fixed factors cannot be changed or improved by instruction, such as age, sex, I.Q., and physical health. Social and emotional factors can often be improved by manipulating the classroom environment and providing nurturing experiences. Title: A survey of reading-readiness skills and their application to the late reader Author: Robbins, Gail E. Year: 1978 Reading readiness is a subject that concerns reading teachers and educators. Inadequate readiness training may cause some students to become late readers, who can be identified as students who score below their age and grade level on a standardized reading test. It is important to define reading readiness and examine the component skills and factors in order to help late readers. This examination was conducted by a study of reading-readiness literature. The reading-readiness skills include auditory discrimination, visual and visual-motor discrimination, development of language, concept formation, and reasoning skills. Readiness factors include fixed factors, social, and emotional factors. Fixed factors cannot be changed or improved by instruction, such as age, sex, I.Q., and physical health. Social and emotional factors can often be improved by manipulating the classroom environment and providing nurturing experiences. Close

• 4. [Article] A Model of Suicidal Behavior In Latency Age Children Based on Developmental Object Relations Theory

  This thesis attempts to explicate the manifestation of suicidal behavior in latency age children based on developmental object relations theory. It asserts that the susceptibility to suicidal behavior ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Model of Suicidal Behavior In Latency Age Children Based on Developmental Object Relations Theory Author: Michaelis, Stephen Henry Year: 1989 This thesis attempts to explicate the manifestation of suicidal behavior in latency age children based on developmental object relations theory. It asserts that the susceptibility to suicidal behavior becomes part of the child's developing ego organization during the first three years of life as the result of deviant or distorted emotional development. These disturbances interfere with the normal internalizing processes of the separation individuation phases, including the development of psychological mechanisms. To accomplish the purpose of the study, the thesis generally classifies object relations theory within the parameters of developmental psychopathology and specifically classifies it as a component of contemporary psychodynamic theory. Then follows an exposition of the separation individuation process and attendant development of psychological mechanisms in normal and disturbed development. This section concludes by identifying the normally developing child around thirty-six months of age as possessing the capacity to unite disparate self and object images into a single, whole person for appropriate self comfort, self-image formation, and self-esteem regulation through having received primarily gratifying interactions with caregivers. The child with disturbed development lacks this capacity because of the internalization of primarily negative object-images through primarily negative interactions with caregivers. The child lacks trust in itself and in others, tends to perceive itself and others as all-good or all-bad, and experiences hostility and depression. A definition of latency and a description of this developmental stage follows. Cognitive development marked by secondary thought processes and reliance upon dynamic psychological mechanisms--ego defenses--to sustain a behavioral and emotional equilibrium, rather than a diminution of drives, permit latency to become established. As part of the structure of latency, fantasy serves a defensive and adaptive function by providing an outlet for drive expression and for mastery of situations intrapsychically. Children with disturbances in ego organization have a less established structure of latency than do normal children, that is, they rely to a greater extent on psychological mechanisms characteristic of the separation-individuation phases. A review of empirical and clinical research of suicidal children encompasses family environment; loss, depression, and hopelessness; cognitive functioning; and defense mechanisms. Suicidal children live in stressful, chaotic families with confused role relationships. Findings regarding the relationships among loss, depression, and hopelessness appear mixed although integrally related. Suicidal children conceive of impersonal death as final while construing personal death as reversible as a defensive maneuver. Suicidal fantasies constitute the precursors to suicidal planning and actions. Suicidal children show impaired ability to devise active coping strategies. They seem to rely excessively on ego defenses considered developmentally appropriate in early stages of development, such as introjection. A synthesis of theoretical formulations and research findings sets forth the developmental sequence culminating in suicidal behavior. The model depicts a child's developing ego organization predisposed to depression, hostility, and low self-esteem caused by the internalization of a predominance of negative self- and object-images. It portrays susceptibility to suicidal behavior through the incapacity to exercise self-protection under stressful situations because of a reliance upon maladaptive ego defenses. Fantasies to relieve psychic pain as part of latency defenses transform into fantasies of suicide; these presage and allow for planning and, given the failure of ego defenses, suicidal behavior results. Title: A Model of Suicidal Behavior In Latency Age Children Based on Developmental Object Relations Theory Author: Michaelis, Stephen Henry Year: 1989 This thesis attempts to explicate the manifestation of suicidal behavior in latency age children based on developmental object relations theory. It asserts that the susceptibility to suicidal behavior becomes part of the child's developing ego organization during the first three years of life as the result of deviant or distorted emotional development. These disturbances interfere with the normal internalizing processes of the separation individuation phases, including the development of psychological mechanisms. To accomplish the purpose of the study, the thesis generally classifies object relations theory within the parameters of developmental psychopathology and specifically classifies it as a component of contemporary psychodynamic theory. Then follows an exposition of the separation individuation process and attendant development of psychological mechanisms in normal and disturbed development. This section concludes by identifying the normally developing child around thirty-six months of age as possessing the capacity to unite disparate self and object images into a single, whole person for appropriate self comfort, self-image formation, and self-esteem regulation through having received primarily gratifying interactions with caregivers. The child with disturbed development lacks this capacity because of the internalization of primarily negative object-images through primarily negative interactions with caregivers. The child lacks trust in itself and in others, tends to perceive itself and others as all-good or all-bad, and experiences hostility and depression. A definition of latency and a description of this developmental stage follows. Cognitive development marked by secondary thought processes and reliance upon dynamic psychological mechanisms--ego defenses--to sustain a behavioral and emotional equilibrium, rather than a diminution of drives, permit latency to become established. As part of the structure of latency, fantasy serves a defensive and adaptive function by providing an outlet for drive expression and for mastery of situations intrapsychically. Children with disturbances in ego organization have a less established structure of latency than do normal children, that is, they rely to a greater extent on psychological mechanisms characteristic of the separation-individuation phases. A review of empirical and clinical research of suicidal children encompasses family environment; loss, depression, and hopelessness; cognitive functioning; and defense mechanisms. Suicidal children live in stressful, chaotic families with confused role relationships. Findings regarding the relationships among loss, depression, and hopelessness appear mixed although integrally related. Suicidal children conceive of impersonal death as final while construing personal death as reversible as a defensive maneuver. Suicidal fantasies constitute the precursors to suicidal planning and actions. Suicidal children show impaired ability to devise active coping strategies. They seem to rely excessively on ego defenses considered developmentally appropriate in early stages of development, such as introjection. A synthesis of theoretical formulations and research findings sets forth the developmental sequence culminating in suicidal behavior. The model depicts a child's developing ego organization predisposed to depression, hostility, and low self-esteem caused by the internalization of a predominance of negative self- and object-images. It portrays susceptibility to suicidal behavior through the incapacity to exercise self-protection under stressful situations because of a reliance upon maladaptive ego defenses. Fantasies to relieve psychic pain as part of latency defenses transform into fantasies of suicide; these presage and allow for planning and, given the failure of ego defenses, suicidal behavior results. Close

• 5. [Article] An evaluation of a data-based sex education training program for mentally retarded adults

  The study determined that twenty-three mildly to moderately retarded adults living within the community increased their sexual knowledge after attending a twelve month, data-based sex education training ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An evaluation of a data-based sex education training program for mentally retarded adults Author: Riley, Patricia Ann Year: 1979 The study determined that twenty-three mildly to moderately retarded adults living within the community increased their sexual knowledge after attending a twelve month, data-based sex education training program. The Lane Community College-Adult Basic Education (LCC-ABE) Pre/Post Test was administered to each subject when he/she began and finished the training program. The Intermittent Probe Tests were administered to each subject after instruction in each of thirteen topic areas in the curriculum. The main conclusions were that: (a) the subjects significantly increased their sexual knowledge after training; (b) class, sex, ability level, age, type of residence, and length of time in that residence were not significantly influential in the increase of sexual knowledge; and (c) a significant correlation between the Intermittent Probe Tests and post-test scores indicated a high degree of predictability between the two tests and that long-term (over a twelve-month period) retention resulted from training. Title: An evaluation of a data-based sex education training program for mentally retarded adults Author: Riley, Patricia Ann Year: 1979 The study determined that twenty-three mildly to moderately retarded adults living within the community increased their sexual knowledge after attending a twelve month, data-based sex education training program. The Lane Community College-Adult Basic Education (LCC-ABE) Pre/Post Test was administered to each subject when he/she began and finished the training program. The Intermittent Probe Tests were administered to each subject after instruction in each of thirteen topic areas in the curriculum. The main conclusions were that: (a) the subjects significantly increased their sexual knowledge after training; (b) class, sex, ability level, age, type of residence, and length of time in that residence were not significantly influential in the increase of sexual knowledge; and (c) a significant correlation between the Intermittent Probe Tests and post-test scores indicated a high degree of predictability between the two tests and that long-term (over a twelve-month period) retention resulted from training. Close

• 6. [Article] Adolescent chemical substance use and abuse : environmental and personal determinants, and a proposed model for group intervention

  The purpose of the literature review is to identify consistent patterns regarding adolescent use and abuse of chemical substances, especially alcohol and marijuana. Acute physical, cognitive and social ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Adolescent chemical substance use and abuse : environmental and personal determinants, and a proposed model for group intervention Author: LeCoq, Lindy Louise Low Year: 1982 The purpose of the literature review is to identify consistent patterns regarding adolescent use and abuse of chemical substances, especially alcohol and marijuana. Acute physical, cognitive and social effects of alcohol and marijuana use are outlined, and environmental and personal determinants of drug use and abuse are examined. Methods of prevention and intervention are discussed and, from the research findings, a model group counseling program designed for the school setting is proposed. Adolescent use of both marijuana and alcohol is found to be modal by age 16-17. The physical, cognitive and social effects are pervasive and especially damaging to chronic users. Youth are extremely vulnerable to suffering adversity from their drug use patterns. Title: Adolescent chemical substance use and abuse : environmental and personal determinants, and a proposed model for group intervention Author: LeCoq, Lindy Louise Low Year: 1982 The purpose of the literature review is to identify consistent patterns regarding adolescent use and abuse of chemical substances, especially alcohol and marijuana. Acute physical, cognitive and social effects of alcohol and marijuana use are outlined, and environmental and personal determinants of drug use and abuse are examined. Methods of prevention and intervention are discussed and, from the research findings, a model group counseling program designed for the school setting is proposed. Adolescent use of both marijuana and alcohol is found to be modal by age 16-17. The physical, cognitive and social effects are pervasive and especially damaging to chronic users. Youth are extremely vulnerable to suffering adversity from their drug use patterns. Close

• 7. [Article] Drop-out study, Chemawa Indian School

  Repeated inquiries and statements are made about the number of American Indian students who drop out or are pushed out of school. The Waxes noted that while drop-out rates are difficult to calculate because ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Drop-out study, Chemawa Indian School Author: Farrow, Terry, Oats, Gordon Year: 1975 Repeated inquiries and statements are made about the number of American Indian students who drop out or are pushed out of school. The Waxes noted that while drop-out rates are difficult to calculate because of a shifting population and absence of centralized, accurate records, current figures indicate that about one-half of those who enter the primary grades drop out before entering high school. Furthermore, only about a third of those entering school actually graduate. A study of Pima and Papago schools revealed much the same trends. Seven percent of the children ages six to eighteen are not enrolled in any school. The researchers estimated a drop-out rate of twenty percent for the teenage group. This was compared to a three and one-half percent drop-out rate for high schools in the surrounding areas. It was also noted that those Indian children who were in school were very likely to be behind their grade placement. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the Chemawa Indian School drop-out rate. Title: Drop-out study, Chemawa Indian School Author: Farrow, Terry, Oats, Gordon Year: 1975 Repeated inquiries and statements are made about the number of American Indian students who drop out or are pushed out of school. The Waxes noted that while drop-out rates are difficult to calculate because of a shifting population and absence of centralized, accurate records, current figures indicate that about one-half of those who enter the primary grades drop out before entering high school. Furthermore, only about a third of those entering school actually graduate. A study of Pima and Papago schools revealed much the same trends. Seven percent of the children ages six to eighteen are not enrolled in any school. The researchers estimated a drop-out rate of twenty percent for the teenage group. This was compared to a three and one-half percent drop-out rate for high schools in the surrounding areas. It was also noted that those Indian children who were in school were very likely to be behind their grade placement. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the Chemawa Indian School drop-out rate. Close

• 8. [Article] Intelligence Testing of American Indian Children: Sidesteps in Quest of Ethical Practice

  Previous literature reviews are updated. Recent findings impugn the WISC-R internal consistency and document item bias for American Indian children. A pattern of Spatial > Sequential > Conceptual > Acquired ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Intelligence Testing of American Indian Children: Sidesteps in Quest of Ethical Practice Author: Dana, Richard H. Year: 1984 Previous literature reviews are updated. Recent findings impugn the WISC-R internal consistency and document item bias for American Indian children. A pattern of Spatial > Sequential > Conceptual > Acquired Knowledge holds across ages, tribes, and heterogeneous referral sources, except for acculturated children. Kaufman's three factors are replaced by Verbal and Performance factors for Papago and Navajo children. A culturally-learned basis for intellectual functioning among traditional children supports alternative assessment functions for traditional reservation lifestyle and for acculturation and entree into mainstream society. Performance measures, SOMPA, Piagetian and Luria-derived tasks may ultimately provide less biased intelligence estimates. Recent legislation outlines ethical practice although assessors are still making do with conventional measures that are ethically-questionable and discriminatory. Suggestions for increasing awareness of responsible practice include training in cultural contents and constant monitoring of research findings. Title: Intelligence Testing of American Indian Children: Sidesteps in Quest of Ethical Practice Author: Dana, Richard H. Year: 1984 Previous literature reviews are updated. Recent findings impugn the WISC-R internal consistency and document item bias for American Indian children. A pattern of Spatial > Sequential > Conceptual > Acquired Knowledge holds across ages, tribes, and heterogeneous referral sources, except for acculturated children. Kaufman's three factors are replaced by Verbal and Performance factors for Papago and Navajo children. A culturally-learned basis for intellectual functioning among traditional children supports alternative assessment functions for traditional reservation lifestyle and for acculturation and entree into mainstream society. Performance measures, SOMPA, Piagetian and Luria-derived tasks may ultimately provide less biased intelligence estimates. Recent legislation outlines ethical practice although assessors are still making do with conventional measures that are ethically-questionable and discriminatory. Suggestions for increasing awareness of responsible practice include training in cultural contents and constant monitoring of research findings. Close

• 9. [Article] Motivational processes involved in academic help seeking and help avoidance

  During middle childhood, help seeking and avoidance are two ways children deal with academic problems. For this study, the dominant view of help seeking as a strategy of self-regulated learning was elaborated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Motivational processes involved in academic help seeking and help avoidance Author: Marchand, Gwen Catherine Year: 2004 During middle childhood, help seeking and avoidance are two ways children deal with academic problems. For this study, the dominant view of help seeking as a strategy of self-regulated learning was elaborated to consider it a way of coping framed within the Self-System Model of Motivational Development. This framework allows for the consideration of (1) the opposite of help seeking (help avoidance) as a motivated way of coping, (2) the central role of teachers, and (3) the operation of multiple self-system processes in shaping students' coping behaviors. Self-report, teacher-report, and school record data from 765 3rd through 61 h grade students and their teachers were analyzed to determine the structure of help seeking and avoidance, the antecedents and consequences of these ways of coping, and developmental differences that may account for age-related changes in coping. Data were available from two time points, the fall and spring of one academic year, allowing for concurrent and change over time analyses. Title: Motivational processes involved in academic help seeking and help avoidance Author: Marchand, Gwen Catherine Year: 2004 During middle childhood, help seeking and avoidance are two ways children deal with academic problems. For this study, the dominant view of help seeking as a strategy of self-regulated learning was elaborated to consider it a way of coping framed within the Self-System Model of Motivational Development. This framework allows for the consideration of (1) the opposite of help seeking (help avoidance) as a motivated way of coping, (2) the central role of teachers, and (3) the operation of multiple self-system processes in shaping students' coping behaviors. Self-report, teacher-report, and school record data from 765 3rd through 61 h grade students and their teachers were analyzed to determine the structure of help seeking and avoidance, the antecedents and consequences of these ways of coping, and developmental differences that may account for age-related changes in coping. Data were available from two time points, the fall and spring of one academic year, allowing for concurrent and change over time analyses. Close

• 10. [Article] Navigating Multiple Identities: How Teachers Can Support Self-Identified Multi-Ethnic Students

  53 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Education Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Navigating Multiple Identities: How Teachers Can Support Self-Identified Multi-Ethnic Students Author: Jones-Suematsu, Aimee Year: 2015 53 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Education Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2015. Title: Navigating Multiple Identities: How Teachers Can Support Self-Identified Multi-Ethnic Students Author: Jones-Suematsu, Aimee Year: 2015 53 pages. A thesis presented to the Department of Education Studies and the Clark Honors College of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of Arts, Spring 2015. Close