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• 1. [Image] Conceptual Design of Commercial 50 MWe(Net) Geothermal Power Plants at Heber and Niland, California. Final Report

  	The scope of work of this study includes conceptual designs, corresponding capital cost estimates and engineering and construction schedules for two 50 MWe (net) commercial-scale geothermal power plants. ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Conceptual Design of Commercial 50 MWe(Net) Geothermal Power Plants at Heber and Niland, California. Final Report Author: Bechtel Corporation Year: 1976 The scope of work of this study includes conceptual designs, corresponding capital cost estimates and engineering and construction schedules for two 50 MWe (net) commercial-scale geothermal power plants. In order to develop and illustrate the concepts involved, the reservoir and site conditions of the geothermal field near Heber, California, which has moderate-temperature low-salinity brine, were used for one of the power plants. The conditions of the field near Niland, California (or the Salton Sea Geothermal Field), which has high-temperature high-salinity brine, were used for the other plant. Both fields are located in the Imperial Valley in Southern California. The two plants give perspective on plant design and capital costs for the range of hydrothermal resources that are of economic interest for electric power generation Title: Conceptual Design of Commercial 50 MWe(Net) Geothermal Power Plants at Heber and Niland, California. Final Report Author: Bechtel Corporation Year: 1976 The scope of work of this study includes conceptual designs, corresponding capital cost estimates and engineering and construction schedules for two 50 MWe (net) commercial-scale geothermal power plants. In order to develop and illustrate the concepts involved, the reservoir and site conditions of the geothermal field near Heber, California, which has moderate-temperature low-salinity brine, were used for one of the power plants. The conditions of the field near Niland, California (or the Salton Sea Geothermal Field), which has high-temperature high-salinity brine, were used for the other plant. Both fields are located in the Imperial Valley in Southern California. The two plants give perspective on plant design and capital costs for the range of hydrothermal resources that are of economic interest for electric power generation Close

• 2. [Image] Evaluation and Targeting of Geothermal Energy Resources in the Southeastern United States. Progress Report, October 1, 1978-March 30, 1979

  	The Geothermal Prograin at V.P.I. & S.U. has two goals. The immediate goal is the economic development of geothermal energy in the eastern U.S. A paper by Lambiase, Dashevsky, Costain, Gleason and McClung ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation and Targeting of Geothermal Energy Resources in the Southeastern United States. Progress Report, October 1, 1978-March 30, 1979 Author: Costain, J.K. Year: 1979 The Geothermal Prograin at V.P.I. & S.U. has two goals. The immediate goal is the economic development of geothermal energy in the eastern U.S. A paper by Lambiase, Dashevsky, Costain, Gleason and McClung summarizes estimated and measured temperatures at the base of the Atlantic coastal plain in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina based on geothermal gradients measured in 66 holes. The gradients range from 16 to 50 C/km. Basement surface temperatures at several locations are estimated to be above an economically useful 40C; the highest is 91C. From this information, the most promising and best documented area for development of geothermal energy chosen by the authors is the Delmarva peninsula near Crisfield, MD. This is the location of the first deep geothermal test well on the East coast which is to be drilled within a month Title: Evaluation and Targeting of Geothermal Energy Resources in the Southeastern United States. Progress Report, October 1, 1978-March 30, 1979 Author: Costain, J.K. Year: 1979 The Geothermal Prograin at V.P.I. & S.U. has two goals. The immediate goal is the economic development of geothermal energy in the eastern U.S. A paper by Lambiase, Dashevsky, Costain, Gleason and McClung summarizes estimated and measured temperatures at the base of the Atlantic coastal plain in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina based on geothermal gradients measured in 66 holes. The gradients range from 16 to 50 C/km. Basement surface temperatures at several locations are estimated to be above an economically useful 40C; the highest is 91C. From this information, the most promising and best documented area for development of geothermal energy chosen by the authors is the Delmarva peninsula near Crisfield, MD. This is the location of the first deep geothermal test well on the East coast which is to be drilled within a month Close

• 3. [Image] Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program: Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1985

  	The primary objective for the Hot Dry Rock Program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory during fiscal year 1985 was to complete the Phase 2 reservoir connection and to begin flow testing the resulting ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program: Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1985 Author: Brown, D.W. Year: 1987 The primary objective for the Hot Dry Rock Program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory during fiscal year 1985 was to complete the Phase 2 reservoir connection and to begin flow testing the resulting reservoir. The connection was achieved through redrilling one well and additional fracturing operations, and progress was made toward developing a detailed understanding of the fractured region through a variety of reservoir interrogation methods. Other accomplishments during the fiscal year included improvement of the high-temperature, inflatable, open-hole packer used to isolate sections of the uncased wellbore in collaboration with the Baker Corporation and the design and fabrication of a high-temperature borehole acoustic televiewer in a cooperative program with a research institute in West Germany. Progress was also made in techniques for the collection and analysis of microseismic data. Reservoir-engineering activities and geochemical studies, as well as the more routine support activities, continued in FY85. 18 refs., 15 figs. Title: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development Program: Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1985 Author: Brown, D.W. Year: 1987 The primary objective for the Hot Dry Rock Program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory during fiscal year 1985 was to complete the Phase 2 reservoir connection and to begin flow testing the resulting reservoir. The connection was achieved through redrilling one well and additional fracturing operations, and progress was made toward developing a detailed understanding of the fractured region through a variety of reservoir interrogation methods. Other accomplishments during the fiscal year included improvement of the high-temperature, inflatable, open-hole packer used to isolate sections of the uncased wellbore in collaboration with the Baker Corporation and the design and fabrication of a high-temperature borehole acoustic televiewer in a cooperative program with a research institute in West Germany. Progress was also made in techniques for the collection and analysis of microseismic data. Reservoir-engineering activities and geochemical studies, as well as the more routine support activities, continued in FY85. 18 refs., 15 figs. Close

• 4. [Image] Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study

  	Analyses of the fraction of geothermal wells that are dry (dry-hole fraction) indicate that geothermal reservoirs can be fitted into four basic categories: (i) Quaternary to late Tertiary sediments (almost ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study Author: Overton, H.L. Year: 1977 Analyses of the fraction of geothermal wells that are dry (dry-hole fraction) indicate that geothermal reservoirs can be fitted into four basic categories: (i) Quaternary to late Tertiary sediments (almost no dry holes); (ii) Quaternary to late Tertiary extrusives (approximately 20 percent dry holes); (iii) Mesozoic or older metamorphic rocks (approximately 25-30 percent dry holes); and (iv) Precambrian or younger rocks (data limited to Roosevelt Springs where 33 percent of the wells were dry). Failure of geothermal wells to flow economically is due mainly to low-permeability formations in unfractured regions. Generally the permeability correlates inversely with the temperature-age product and directly with the original rock porosity and pore size. However, this correlation fails whenever high-stress fields provide vertical fracturing or faulting, and it is the high-stress/low-permeability category that is most amenable to artificial stimulation by hydraulic fracturing, propellant fracturing, or chemical explosive fracturing. Category (i) geothermal fields (e.g., Cerro Prieto, Mexico; Niland, CA; East Mesa, CA) are not recommended for artificial stimulation because these younger sediments almost always produce warm or hot water. Most geothermal fields fit into category (ii) (e.g., Wairakei, New Zealand; Matsukawa, Japan; Ahuachapan, El Salvador) and in the case of Mt. Home, ID, and Chandler, AZ, possess some potential for stimulation. The Geysers is a category (iii) field, and its highly stressed brittle rocks should make this site amenable to stimulation by explosive fracturing techniques. Roosevelt Springs, UT, Well 9-1 is in category (iv) and is a flow failure. It represents a prime candidate for stimulation by hydraulic fracturing because it has a measured temperature of 227/sup 0/C, is cased and available for experimentation, and is within 900 m of an excellent geothermal producing well Title: Geothermal Reservoir Categorization and Stimulation Study Author: Overton, H.L. Year: 1977 Analyses of the fraction of geothermal wells that are dry (dry-hole fraction) indicate that geothermal reservoirs can be fitted into four basic categories: (i) Quaternary to late Tertiary sediments (almost no dry holes); (ii) Quaternary to late Tertiary extrusives (approximately 20 percent dry holes); (iii) Mesozoic or older metamorphic rocks (approximately 25-30 percent dry holes); and (iv) Precambrian or younger rocks (data limited to Roosevelt Springs where 33 percent of the wells were dry). Failure of geothermal wells to flow economically is due mainly to low-permeability formations in unfractured regions. Generally the permeability correlates inversely with the temperature-age product and directly with the original rock porosity and pore size. However, this correlation fails whenever high-stress fields provide vertical fracturing or faulting, and it is the high-stress/low-permeability category that is most amenable to artificial stimulation by hydraulic fracturing, propellant fracturing, or chemical explosive fracturing. Category (i) geothermal fields (e.g., Cerro Prieto, Mexico; Niland, CA; East Mesa, CA) are not recommended for artificial stimulation because these younger sediments almost always produce warm or hot water. Most geothermal fields fit into category (ii) (e.g., Wairakei, New Zealand; Matsukawa, Japan; Ahuachapan, El Salvador) and in the case of Mt. Home, ID, and Chandler, AZ, possess some potential for stimulation. The Geysers is a category (iii) field, and its highly stressed brittle rocks should make this site amenable to stimulation by explosive fracturing techniques. Roosevelt Springs, UT, Well 9-1 is in category (iv) and is a flow failure. It represents a prime candidate for stimulation by hydraulic fracturing because it has a measured temperature of 227/sup 0/C, is cased and available for experimentation, and is within 900 m of an excellent geothermal producing well Close

• 5. [Image] Washington: A Guide to Geothermal Energy Development

  	A brief overview is given of the geological characteristics of each region of the state as they relate to potential geothermal development. Those exploration methods which can lead to the siting of a deep ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Washington: A Guide to Geothermal Energy Development Author: Bloomquist, R.G. Year: 1980 A brief overview is given of the geological characteristics of each region of the state as they relate to potential geothermal development. Those exploration methods which can lead to the siting of a deep exploration well are described. Requirements and techniques needed for drilling deeper higher temperature exploration and production wells are presented. Electrical generation, direct utilization, and indirect utilization are reviewed. Economic factors of direct use projects are presented. A general guide to the regulatory framework affecting geothermal energy development is provided. The general steps necessary to gain access to explore, develop, distribute, and use geothermal resources are outlined (MHR) Title: Washington: A Guide to Geothermal Energy Development Author: Bloomquist, R.G. Year: 1980 A brief overview is given of the geological characteristics of each region of the state as they relate to potential geothermal development. Those exploration methods which can lead to the siting of a deep exploration well are described. Requirements and techniques needed for drilling deeper higher temperature exploration and production wells are presented. Electrical generation, direct utilization, and indirect utilization are reviewed. Economic factors of direct use projects are presented. A general guide to the regulatory framework affecting geothermal energy development is provided. The general steps necessary to gain access to explore, develop, distribute, and use geothermal resources are outlined (MHR) Close