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• 1. [Image] Geothermal District Heating Projects

  	The geothermal energy stored within the interior of the earth amounts to a significant quantity which, if fully exploited, could supply the energy needs of man for a millennia. Low temperature hydrothermal ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal District Heating Projects Author: Lineau, P. J. The geothermal energy stored within the interior of the earth amounts to a significant quantity which, if fully exploited, could supply the energy needs of man for a millennia. Low temperature hydrothermal resources underlie vast areas of the United States as illustrated on Figure 1, particularly in the western half of the country. The U.S. Geological Survey has identified 1,346 hydrothermal convection systems of which 1,294 have temperatures less than 300°F and are considered suitable for direct heat applications (Reed, '1983). Resource temperatures greater than 300°F are considered economic for electrical generation. Quantitative estimates of identified low and intermediate temperature (less than 300°F) geothermal systems contain 68.3 million billion Btu's of beneficial heat for 30 years Title: Geothermal District Heating Projects Author: Lineau, P. J. The geothermal energy stored within the interior of the earth amounts to a significant quantity which, if fully exploited, could supply the energy needs of man for a millennia. Low temperature hydrothermal resources underlie vast areas of the United States as illustrated on Figure 1, particularly in the western half of the country. The U.S. Geological Survey has identified 1,346 hydrothermal convection systems of which 1,294 have temperatures less than 300°F and are considered suitable for direct heat applications (Reed, '1983). Resource temperatures greater than 300°F are considered economic for electrical generation. Quantitative estimates of identified low and intermediate temperature (less than 300°F) geothermal systems contain 68.3 million billion Btu's of beneficial heat for 30 years Close

• 2. [Image] Klamath Christian Center Heating System

  	On December 6, 1983, Dave South well contacted the Geo-Heat Center requesting information and possible assistance in analyzing problems with the geothermal wells and heating system. About a week later, ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Christian Center Heating System Author: Culver, G. Year: 1984 On December 6, 1983, Dave South well contacted the Geo-Heat Center requesting information and possible assistance in analyzing problems with the geothermal wells and heating system. About a week later, Geo-Heat Center personnel met with Dave and discussed the meager amount of information then available. It was decided that the Geo-Heat Center would attempt to obtain more well data and, if possible, temperature profile the wells to determine what the problem was since available data indicated the wells should produce more heat than they were. At that time the down hole heat exchanger would provide only 116°F to 118°F water during colder periods and 125°F maximum during more moderate weather. The well was being pumped from 76 feet by a jet pump and producing about 25 gpm which was being discharged into the storm drain. Title: Klamath Christian Center Heating System Author: Culver, G. Year: 1984 On December 6, 1983, Dave South well contacted the Geo-Heat Center requesting information and possible assistance in analyzing problems with the geothermal wells and heating system. About a week later, Geo-Heat Center personnel met with Dave and discussed the meager amount of information then available. It was decided that the Geo-Heat Center would attempt to obtain more well data and, if possible, temperature profile the wells to determine what the problem was since available data indicated the wells should produce more heat than they were. At that time the down hole heat exchanger would provide only 116°F to 118°F water during colder periods and 125°F maximum during more moderate weather. The well was being pumped from 76 feet by a jet pump and producing about 25 gpm which was being discharged into the storm drain. Close

• 3. [Image] Geothermal Direct-Heat Utilization Assistance, Final Report: September 26, 1990 to March 31, 1999

  	The objectives of the use of the money awarded to the Geo-Heat Center were to obtain increased utilization of the large low-to-moderate temperature geothermal resource base by providing users with: (1) ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Direct-Heat Utilization Assistance, Final Report: September 26, 1990 to March 31, 1999 Author: Geo-Heat Center Year: 1999 The objectives of the use of the money awarded to the Geo-Heat Center were to obtain increased utilization of the large low-to-moderate temperature geothermal resource base by providing users with: (1) direct-use geothermal project technical and development assistance that offered preliminary system design/economic analysis, equipment/material selection, solutions to operational problems and information/data on resources; (2) research to address current industry needs in the area of cost containment, equipment performance/application and system design, and (3) information, educational materials and services to stimulate development through the publication of an industry quarterly Bulletin, handbooks, presentations, software, website and geothermal library Title: Geothermal Direct-Heat Utilization Assistance, Final Report: September 26, 1990 to March 31, 1999 Author: Geo-Heat Center Year: 1999 The objectives of the use of the money awarded to the Geo-Heat Center were to obtain increased utilization of the large low-to-moderate temperature geothermal resource base by providing users with: (1) direct-use geothermal project technical and development assistance that offered preliminary system design/economic analysis, equipment/material selection, solutions to operational problems and information/data on resources; (2) research to address current industry needs in the area of cost containment, equipment performance/application and system design, and (3) information, educational materials and services to stimulate development through the publication of an industry quarterly Bulletin, handbooks, presentations, software, website and geothermal library Close

• 4. [Image] An Economic Assessment of Nine Geothermal Direct Use Applications

  	This paper describes the costs and performance of nine operational geothermal direct heat demonstration projects. The projects analyzed include three individual user-owned space and water heating systems ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: An Economic Assessment of Nine Geothermal Direct Use Applications Author: Gordon, L. C. Year: 1983 This paper describes the costs and performance of nine operational geothermal direct heat demonstration projects. The projects analyzed include three individual user-owned space and water heating systems and six district heating systems. Several important financial/institutional characteristics of the district heating systems are examined in detail Title: An Economic Assessment of Nine Geothermal Direct Use Applications Author: Gordon, L. C. Year: 1983 This paper describes the costs and performance of nine operational geothermal direct heat demonstration projects. The projects analyzed include three individual user-owned space and water heating systems and six district heating systems. Several important financial/institutional characteristics of the district heating systems are examined in detail Close

• 5. [Image] Preparation of a Handbook on the Economics of Geothermal Energy Developments; Working Paper No. 6.5 Case Studies of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Developments in France

  	The use of medium and low temperature brines from deep aquifers is well established technology in France. Agence Francaise Pour La Maitrisse de L'Energy (AFME) (1983) report that since 1978 twenty geothermal ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Preparation of a Handbook on the Economics of Geothermal Energy Developments; Working Paper No. 6.5 Case Studies of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Developments in France Author: Harrison, R. Year: 1984 The use of medium and low temperature brines from deep aquifers is well established technology in France. Agence Francaise Pour La Maitrisse de L'Energy (AFME) (1983) report that since 1978 twenty geothermal schemes have been put into operation every year and it is foreseen that France will have an installed geothermal heating capacity equivalent to an annual saving of 106 TOE* similar developments. Thus Ungemach (1982) reports that three schemes are under completion in the Po Valley in Italy and that several demonstration projects; e.g. Southampton in the U.K. + and in Denmark and Holland are under examination for the near future. It is estimated that the European Economic Community could have a geothermal heating capacity equivalent to 2 x 106 TOE by the late 1990's, Ungemach (1983) Title: Preparation of a Handbook on the Economics of Geothermal Energy Developments; Working Paper No. 6.5 Case Studies of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Developments in France Author: Harrison, R. Year: 1984 The use of medium and low temperature brines from deep aquifers is well established technology in France. Agence Francaise Pour La Maitrisse de L'Energy (AFME) (1983) report that since 1978 twenty geothermal schemes have been put into operation every year and it is foreseen that France will have an installed geothermal heating capacity equivalent to an annual saving of 106 TOE* similar developments. Thus Ungemach (1982) reports that three schemes are under completion in the Po Valley in Italy and that several demonstration projects; e.g. Southampton in the U.K. + and in Denmark and Holland are under examination for the near future. It is estimated that the European Economic Community could have a geothermal heating capacity equivalent to 2 x 106 TOE by the late 1990's, Ungemach (1983) Close

• 6. [Image] Geothermal in Iceland: It's Only Natural

  	If you lived in Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, you would heat your home with geothermal water. The city's district heating system dates back to 1930, when 15 lis of 90-100 C water was piped 2.8 km ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal in Iceland: It's Only Natural Author: Gudmundsson, J. S. Year: 1983 If you lived in Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, you would heat your home with geothermal water. The city's district heating system dates back to 1930, when 15 lis of 90-100 C water was piped 2.8 km to heat 70 homes, one school and a swimming pool. The Reykjavik District Heating Service is now the largest of its kind in the world. If you were visiting Reykjavik, you would soon discover that the city is geothermally heated. The geothermal water is of good quality and is used directly for bathing and washing. Taking a bath or shower you are likely to smell the water, because of the hydrogen sulphide. Reykjavik is by no means unique in having a geothermal district heating system. There are now many such systems in Iceland; they serve more than three quarters of the total population Title: Geothermal in Iceland: It's Only Natural Author: Gudmundsson, J. S. Year: 1983 If you lived in Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, you would heat your home with geothermal water. The city's district heating system dates back to 1930, when 15 lis of 90-100 C water was piped 2.8 km to heat 70 homes, one school and a swimming pool. The Reykjavik District Heating Service is now the largest of its kind in the world. If you were visiting Reykjavik, you would soon discover that the city is geothermally heated. The geothermal water is of good quality and is used directly for bathing and washing. Taking a bath or shower you are likely to smell the water, because of the hydrogen sulphide. Reykjavik is by no means unique in having a geothermal district heating system. There are now many such systems in Iceland; they serve more than three quarters of the total population Close

• 7. [Image] Klamath Falls Geothermal Heating System: Data from Four Months of Testing

  	This data report includes graphs of water levels measured in 16 wells, temperature measurement in 8 wells, 14 system operation points taken on a 2, 4, and 8 hour time schedule, BTU usage as measured to ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Klamath Falls Geothermal Heating System: Data from Four Months of Testing Author: Gerety, T. Year: 1984 This data report includes graphs of water levels measured in 16 wells, temperature measurement in 8 wells, 14 system operation points taken on a 2, 4, and 8 hour time schedule, BTU usage as measured to each building, BTU estimates from operation data, daily air temperatures, storm sewer discharge flow, historical well development and other collected information Title: Klamath Falls Geothermal Heating System: Data from Four Months of Testing Author: Gerety, T. Year: 1984 This data report includes graphs of water levels measured in 16 wells, temperature measurement in 8 wells, 14 system operation points taken on a 2, 4, and 8 hour time schedule, BTU usage as measured to each building, BTU estimates from operation data, daily air temperatures, storm sewer discharge flow, historical well development and other collected information Close

• 8. [Image] The Litchfield Connection

  	The use of the geothermal resource within Susanville is historical. In a limited way, since the early 1930s, the resource has been used to prevent icing of mill ponds, heat the municipal swimming pool ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Litchfield Connection Author: The City of Susanville, California Year: 1983 The use of the geothermal resource within Susanville is historical. In a limited way, since the early 1930s, the resource has been used to prevent icing of mill ponds, heat the municipal swimming pool and space heat a church and a small greenhouse operation Title: The Litchfield Connection Author: The City of Susanville, California Year: 1983 The use of the geothermal resource within Susanville is historical. In a limited way, since the early 1930s, the resource has been used to prevent icing of mill ponds, heat the municipal swimming pool and space heat a church and a small greenhouse operation Close

• 9. [Image] Geothermal Potential in the Albuquerque Area, New Mexico

  	Access to the near-surface fresh water zone of this enormous unconfined ground-water aquifer is Albuquerque's greatest economic asset to accommodate growth. Utilizing the vast subsurface hot-water system ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geothermal Potential in the Albuquerque Area, New Mexico Author: Grant, P.R. Jr. Year: 1982 Access to the near-surface fresh water zone of this enormous unconfined ground-water aquifer is Albuquerque's greatest economic asset to accommodate growth. Utilizing the vast subsurface hot-water system underlying the normal temperature, near-surface regime has the potential to make much of New Mexico's largest community independent of natural gas for its space-heating requirements Title: Geothermal Potential in the Albuquerque Area, New Mexico Author: Grant, P.R. Jr. Year: 1982 Access to the near-surface fresh water zone of this enormous unconfined ground-water aquifer is Albuquerque's greatest economic asset to accommodate growth. Utilizing the vast subsurface hot-water system underlying the normal temperature, near-surface regime has the potential to make much of New Mexico's largest community independent of natural gas for its space-heating requirements Close

• 10. [Image] Guide to a Community Heat Atlas & Plan: A Geothermal Energy Application, Preliminary Draft

  	This guide has been written to assist Washington communities with the identification and utilization of alternate thermal energy resources. The project was originally commissioned in January, 1981, to ...
  	Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Guide to a Community Heat Atlas & Plan: A Geothermal Energy Application, Preliminary Draft Author: Eliot Allen & Associates Year: 1981 This guide has been written to assist Washington communities with the identification and utilization of alternate thermal energy resources. The project was originally commissioned in January, 1981, to develop techniques for identifying prospective geothermal energy users. Previous studies indicate that as many as 80 cities in Washington may have potential for utilizing low and moderate-temperature geothermal resources (Allen & Shreve, 1980) Title: Guide to a Community Heat Atlas & Plan: A Geothermal Energy Application, Preliminary Draft Author: Eliot Allen & Associates Year: 1981 This guide has been written to assist Washington communities with the identification and utilization of alternate thermal energy resources. The project was originally commissioned in January, 1981, to develop techniques for identifying prospective geothermal energy users. Previous studies indicate that as many as 80 cities in Washington may have potential for utilizing low and moderate-temperature geothermal resources (Allen & Shreve, 1980) Close