Search

Search Results

• 1. [Article] Cultural Responses to Climate Change in the Holocene

  Variable Holocene climate conditions have caused cultures to thrive, adapt or fail. The invention of agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals allowed sedentary societies to develop and are ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cultural Responses to Climate Change in the Holocene Author: Prentice, Richard Year: 2009 Variable Holocene climate conditions have caused cultures to thrive, adapt or fail. The invention of agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals allowed sedentary societies to develop and are the result of the climate becoming warmer after the last glaciation. The subsequent cooling of the Younger Dryas forced humans to concentrate into geographic areas that had an abundant water supply and ultimately favorable conditions for the use of agriculture and widespread domestication of plants and animals. Population densities would have reached a threshold and forced a return to foraging, however the end of the Younger Dryas at 10,000 BP allowed agrarian societies to grow in number and expand spatially. The Norse took advantage of the favorable climate conditions of the medieval warm period (800 to 1300 CE) to establish settlements off the coast of Greenland, but the onset of the Little Ice Age (1350-1850 CE) caused sea ice to block trade routes with China and led to their demise. The long and cold winters of the Little Ice Age inspired works of art and literature, and were celebrated in London, but also caused crop failures, famine and disease. The Dust Bowl drought of the 1930’s only lasted six years but caused the most devastating ecological, sociological, agricultural, and economic disaster in United States history. Multicentury and multidecadal droughts led to the collapse of the Akkadian, Classic Maya, Mochica, and Tiwanaku civilizations. The primary factors affecting global climate variations include changes in thermohaline circulation, solar irradiance, and the effects of active volcanoes. Complex societies are not completely powerless nor fully adaptive to climate change. Modern society should use knowledge of past abrupt climate changes to better prepare for the future. Title: Cultural Responses to Climate Change in the Holocene Author: Prentice, Richard Year: 2009 Variable Holocene climate conditions have caused cultures to thrive, adapt or fail. The invention of agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals allowed sedentary societies to develop and are the result of the climate becoming warmer after the last glaciation. The subsequent cooling of the Younger Dryas forced humans to concentrate into geographic areas that had an abundant water supply and ultimately favorable conditions for the use of agriculture and widespread domestication of plants and animals. Population densities would have reached a threshold and forced a return to foraging, however the end of the Younger Dryas at 10,000 BP allowed agrarian societies to grow in number and expand spatially. The Norse took advantage of the favorable climate conditions of the medieval warm period (800 to 1300 CE) to establish settlements off the coast of Greenland, but the onset of the Little Ice Age (1350-1850 CE) caused sea ice to block trade routes with China and led to their demise. The long and cold winters of the Little Ice Age inspired works of art and literature, and were celebrated in London, but also caused crop failures, famine and disease. The Dust Bowl drought of the 1930’s only lasted six years but caused the most devastating ecological, sociological, agricultural, and economic disaster in United States history. Multicentury and multidecadal droughts led to the collapse of the Akkadian, Classic Maya, Mochica, and Tiwanaku civilizations. The primary factors affecting global climate variations include changes in thermohaline circulation, solar irradiance, and the effects of active volcanoes. Complex societies are not completely powerless nor fully adaptive to climate change. Modern society should use knowledge of past abrupt climate changes to better prepare for the future. Close

• 2. [Article] Bayesian hierarchical modeling of Pacific geoduck growth increment data and climate indices

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Bayesian hierarchical modeling of Pacific geoduck growth increment data and climate indices Author: Black, Bryan A., Lai, Han-lin, Helser, Thomas E. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Title: Bayesian hierarchical modeling of Pacific geoduck growth increment data and climate indices Author: Black, Bryan A., Lai, Han-lin, Helser, Thomas E. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.elsevier.com/. Close

• 3. [Article] Precautionary Management of North-East Arctic Cod under Environmental and Evolutionary Change

  Abstract only.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Precautionary Management of North-East Arctic Cod under Environmental and Evolutionary Change Author: Hjermann, Dag, Kaitala, Veijo Abstract only. Title: Precautionary Management of North-East Arctic Cod under Environmental and Evolutionary Change Author: Hjermann, Dag, Kaitala, Veijo Abstract only. Close

• 4. [Article] Precise interpolar phasing of abrupt climate change during the last ice age

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Nature ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Precise interpolar phasing of abrupt climate change during the last ice age Author: Rhodes, Rachael H., Rosen, Julia L., Kalk, Michael L., Buizert, Christo, Edwards, Jon S., Adrian, Betty, Bauska, Thomas K., Marcott, Shaun A., et al., Mitchell, Logan E., Lee, James E., Brook, Edward J., Ahn, Jinho To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Nature Publishing Group and can be found at: http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html. Supporting Information can be found at: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7549/full/nature14401.html#/supplementary-information Title: Precise interpolar phasing of abrupt climate change during the last ice age Author: Rhodes, Rachael H., Rosen, Julia L., Kalk, Michael L., Buizert, Christo, Edwards, Jon S., Adrian, Betty, Bauska, Thomas K., Marcott, Shaun A., et al., Mitchell, Logan E., Lee, James E., Brook, Edward J., Ahn, Jinho To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Nature Publishing Group and can be found at: http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html. Supporting Information can be found at: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7549/full/nature14401.html#/supplementary-information Close

• 5. [Article] Tamm Review: Management of mixed-severity fire regime forests in Oregon, Washington, and Northern California

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. The article is published by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.else...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Tamm Review: Management of mixed-severity fire regime forests in Oregon, Washington, and Northern California Author: Taylor, Alan H., Collins, Brandon M., Skinner, Carl N., Spies, Thomas A., Churchill, Derek J., McComb, Brenda, Perry, David A., Hessburg, Paul F., Riegel, Greg, Brown, Peter M., Stephens, Scott L., Salter, R. Brion, Povak, Nicholas A., Larson, Andrew J., Franklin, Jerry F., Zielinski, William J., Keane, John J., Singleton, Peter H. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. The article is published by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/ Title: Tamm Review: Management of mixed-severity fire regime forests in Oregon, Washington, and Northern California Author: Taylor, Alan H., Collins, Brandon M., Skinner, Carl N., Spies, Thomas A., Churchill, Derek J., McComb, Brenda, Perry, David A., Hessburg, Paul F., Riegel, Greg, Brown, Peter M., Stephens, Scott L., Salter, R. Brion, Povak, Nicholas A., Larson, Andrew J., Franklin, Jerry F., Zielinski, William J., Keane, John J., Singleton, Peter H. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. The article is published by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/ Close

• 6. [Article] Rapid Holocene Deglaciation of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

  Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum 21 000 yr BP affected regional to global climate and accounted for the largest proportion of sea level rise. Although the late ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Rapid Holocene Deglaciation of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet Author: Brook, Edward J., Raisbeck, Grant M., Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum 21 000 yr BP affected regional to global climate and accounted for the largest proportion of sea level rise. Although the late Pleistocene LIS retreat chronology is relatively well constrained, its Holocene chronology remains poorly dated, limiting our understanding of its role in Holocene climate change and sea level rise. Here new ¹⁰Be cosmogenic exposure ages on glacially deposited boulders are used to date the final disappearance of the Labrador sector of the LIS (LS-LIS). These data suggest that following the deglaciation of the southeastern Hudson Bay coastline at 8.0 ± 0.2 cal ka BP, the southwestern margin of the LS-LIS rapidly retreated ~600 km in 140 yr and most likely in ~600 yr at a rate of ~900 m yr⁻¹, with final deglaciation by 6.8 ± 0.2 ¹⁰Be ka. The disappearance of the LS-LIS ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka and attendant reduction in freshwater runoff may have induced the formation of Labrador Deep Seawater, while the loss of the high albedo surface may have initiated the Holocene Thermal Maximum in eastern Canada and southern Greenland. Moreover, the rapid melting just prior to ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka indicates that the remnant LIS may be the primary source of a postulated rapid rise in global sea level of ~5 m that occurred sometime between 7.6 and 6.5 cal ka BP. Title: Rapid Holocene Deglaciation of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet Author: Brook, Edward J., Raisbeck, Grant M., Carlson, Anders E., Clark, Peter U. Retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum 21 000 yr BP affected regional to global climate and accounted for the largest proportion of sea level rise. Although the late Pleistocene LIS retreat chronology is relatively well constrained, its Holocene chronology remains poorly dated, limiting our understanding of its role in Holocene climate change and sea level rise. Here new ¹⁰Be cosmogenic exposure ages on glacially deposited boulders are used to date the final disappearance of the Labrador sector of the LIS (LS-LIS). These data suggest that following the deglaciation of the southeastern Hudson Bay coastline at 8.0 ± 0.2 cal ka BP, the southwestern margin of the LS-LIS rapidly retreated ~600 km in 140 yr and most likely in ~600 yr at a rate of ~900 m yr⁻¹, with final deglaciation by 6.8 ± 0.2 ¹⁰Be ka. The disappearance of the LS-LIS ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka and attendant reduction in freshwater runoff may have induced the formation of Labrador Deep Seawater, while the loss of the high albedo surface may have initiated the Holocene Thermal Maximum in eastern Canada and southern Greenland. Moreover, the rapid melting just prior to ~6.8 ¹⁰Be ka indicates that the remnant LIS may be the primary source of a postulated rapid rise in global sea level of ~5 m that occurred sometime between 7.6 and 6.5 cal ka BP. Close

• 7. [Article] Evaluating land-use and private forest management responses to a potential forest carbon offset sales program in western Oregon (USA)

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by European Forest Institute ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluating land-use and private forest management responses to a potential forest carbon offset sales program in western Oregon (USA) Author: Latta, Gregory S., Kline, Jeffrey D., Bell, Kathleen P., Adams, Darius M. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by European Forest Institute and published by Elsevier. It can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-policy-and-economics/ Title: Evaluating land-use and private forest management responses to a potential forest carbon offset sales program in western Oregon (USA) Author: Latta, Gregory S., Kline, Jeffrey D., Bell, Kathleen P., Adams, Darius M. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by European Forest Institute and published by Elsevier. It can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-policy-and-economics/ Close

• 8. [Article] Thinning ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands reduces mortality while maintaining stand productivity

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by NRC Research ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Thinning ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands reduces mortality while maintaining stand productivity Author: Ritchie, Martin W., Zhang, Jianwei, Maguire, Douglas A., Oliver, William W. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/. Title: Thinning ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands reduces mortality while maintaining stand productivity Author: Ritchie, Martin W., Zhang, Jianwei, Maguire, Douglas A., Oliver, William W. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by NRC Research Press and can be found at: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/. Close

• 9. [Article] Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America Author: Creed, Irena F., Jones, Julia A., et al., Spargo, Adam T. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291365-2486. Title: Changing forest water yields in response to climate warming: results from long-term experimental watershed sites across North America Author: Creed, Irena F., Jones, Julia A., et al., Spargo, Adam T. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291365-2486. Close

• 10. [Article] Essays on the Recreational Value of Avian Biodiversity

  This dissertation uses a convenience sample of members of eBird, a large citizen science project maintained by the Cornell University's Laboratory of Ornithology, to explore the value of avian biodiversity ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Essays on the Recreational Value of Avian Biodiversity Author: Kolstoe, Sonja Year: 2016 This dissertation uses a convenience sample of members of eBird, a large citizen science project maintained by the Cornell University's Laboratory of Ornithology, to explore the value of avian biodiversity to bird watchers. Panel data (i.e. longitudinal data) are highly desirable for preference estimation. Fortuitously, the diaries of birding excursions by eBird members provide a rich source of spatial data on trips taken, over time by the same individuals, to a variety of birding destinations. Origin and destination data can be combined with exogenous species prevalence information. These combined data sources permit estimation of utility-theoretic choice models that allow derivation of the marginal utilities of avian biodiversity measures as well as the marginal utility of net income (i.e. consumption of other goods and services). Ratios of these marginal utilities yield marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) estimates for numbers of bird species (or numbers of species of different types, in richer specifications). MWTP for levels of other attributes of birding destinations are also derived (e.g. ecosystem type, management regime, seasonal variations, a time trend).\\ The chapters are organized as follows: Chapter 2 is a stand-alone paper that demonstrates the feasibility of a travel-cost based random utility model with the eBird data. This chapter focuses on measuring the total number of bird species at each birding hotspot in Washington and Oregon states. This chapter does not differentiate among types of birders beyond using their recent birding activities in an analysis of habit formation or variety-seeking behavior. For this model, beyond past behavior, a representative consumer is postulated. Chapter 3 starts from the basic specifications identified in Chapter 2 and explores heterogeneous preferences among consumers as well as their preferences for species richness and for different categories of birds. This chapter explores whether different types of birds are relatively more attractive to different types of birders (for example, by gender or by age or by neighborhood characteristics and educational attainment). Chapter 4 is an extension of the work in Chapter 3 to explore how changing site attributes in the face of climate change effects birder welfare. This dissertation includes previously unpublished co-authored material. Title: Essays on the Recreational Value of Avian Biodiversity Author: Kolstoe, Sonja Year: 2016 This dissertation uses a convenience sample of members of eBird, a large citizen science project maintained by the Cornell University's Laboratory of Ornithology, to explore the value of avian biodiversity to bird watchers. Panel data (i.e. longitudinal data) are highly desirable for preference estimation. Fortuitously, the diaries of birding excursions by eBird members provide a rich source of spatial data on trips taken, over time by the same individuals, to a variety of birding destinations. Origin and destination data can be combined with exogenous species prevalence information. These combined data sources permit estimation of utility-theoretic choice models that allow derivation of the marginal utilities of avian biodiversity measures as well as the marginal utility of net income (i.e. consumption of other goods and services). Ratios of these marginal utilities yield marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) estimates for numbers of bird species (or numbers of species of different types, in richer specifications). MWTP for levels of other attributes of birding destinations are also derived (e.g. ecosystem type, management regime, seasonal variations, a time trend).\\ The chapters are organized as follows: Chapter 2 is a stand-alone paper that demonstrates the feasibility of a travel-cost based random utility model with the eBird data. This chapter focuses on measuring the total number of bird species at each birding hotspot in Washington and Oregon states. This chapter does not differentiate among types of birders beyond using their recent birding activities in an analysis of habit formation or variety-seeking behavior. For this model, beyond past behavior, a representative consumer is postulated. Chapter 3 starts from the basic specifications identified in Chapter 2 and explores heterogeneous preferences among consumers as well as their preferences for species richness and for different categories of birds. This chapter explores whether different types of birds are relatively more attractive to different types of birders (for example, by gender or by age or by neighborhood characteristics and educational attainment). Chapter 4 is an extension of the work in Chapter 3 to explore how changing site attributes in the face of climate change effects birder welfare. This dissertation includes previously unpublished co-authored material. Close