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• 51. [Article] Sequestrate fungi of New Zealand: Elaphomyces (Ascomycota, Eurotiales, Elaphomycetaceae)

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by The Royal Society of New Zealand and published by Taylor & Francis. It can be found at: http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/publications/journals/nzjb/. ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sequestrate fungi of New Zealand: Elaphomyces (Ascomycota, Eurotiales, Elaphomycetaceae) Author: Trappe, James M., Beever, Ross E., Castellano, Michael A. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by The Royal Society of New Zealand and published by Taylor & Francis. It can be found at: http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/publications/journals/nzjb/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Title: Sequestrate fungi of New Zealand: Elaphomyces (Ascomycota, Eurotiales, Elaphomycetaceae) Author: Trappe, James M., Beever, Ross E., Castellano, Michael A. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by The Royal Society of New Zealand and published by Taylor & Francis. It can be found at: http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/publications/journals/nzjb/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Close

• 52. [Article] Living Soil and Composting: Life’s Lessons in the Learning Gardens

  After we spread the chicken poop, we covered it with hay... the poop was the fertilizer and the hay was the stuff that kept the plaHts warm. After school l checked the garden. Empty. Nobody. I climbed ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Living Soil and Composting: Life’s Lessons in the Learning Gardens Author: Williams, Dilafruz R., Brown, Jonathan Year: 2010 After we spread the chicken poop, we covered it with hay... the poop was the fertilizer and the hay was the stuff that kept the plaHts warm. After school l checked the garden. Empty. Nobody. I climbed the fence to check the radishes I had planted. I dug around the radishes. They seemed dead. I grabbed a magnifying glass and looked closely at the leaves. Aphids were chewing all the leaves, like ants or other bugs. I went home worried. Next day I went to check the garden. Something red flashed in my eye. I panicked. "Yhaaaa!" I screamed with terror. 1 looked down expecting to see some poisonous bug. It was a pair of ladybugs, maybe mating. The answer to the radish problem right in front of my face! This journal entry conveys an eight year old student's understanding of the web of life: how to use natural fertilizer, ways to warm the soil to create favorable conditions for plant growth, and the role of beneficial insects in a school garden. Beyond distant field trips, learning gardens provide a locally relevant context for such multi-faceted environmental discovery right on the school grounds where learning is housed; they bring children into contact with a vast biological and culhlral web of relations embodied in the living soil of compost. We celebrate learning gardens as sites for integrated learning that can help students develop an intimate connection with land, insects, plants, and soil through awakening their curiosity, wonder, and critical thinking skills. Life is about more than head and gut; our fingernails, skins, palates, nostrils, and tongues are also important in nurturing deep and long lasting bonds of environmental kinship. In this essay we highlight compost-making as a practical school garden activity that builds living soil. Title: Living Soil and Composting: Life’s Lessons in the Learning Gardens Author: Williams, Dilafruz R., Brown, Jonathan Year: 2010 After we spread the chicken poop, we covered it with hay... the poop was the fertilizer and the hay was the stuff that kept the plaHts warm. After school l checked the garden. Empty. Nobody. I climbed the fence to check the radishes I had planted. I dug around the radishes. They seemed dead. I grabbed a magnifying glass and looked closely at the leaves. Aphids were chewing all the leaves, like ants or other bugs. I went home worried. Next day I went to check the garden. Something red flashed in my eye. I panicked. "Yhaaaa!" I screamed with terror. 1 looked down expecting to see some poisonous bug. It was a pair of ladybugs, maybe mating. The answer to the radish problem right in front of my face! This journal entry conveys an eight year old student's understanding of the web of life: how to use natural fertilizer, ways to warm the soil to create favorable conditions for plant growth, and the role of beneficial insects in a school garden. Beyond distant field trips, learning gardens provide a locally relevant context for such multi-faceted environmental discovery right on the school grounds where learning is housed; they bring children into contact with a vast biological and culhlral web of relations embodied in the living soil of compost. We celebrate learning gardens as sites for integrated learning that can help students develop an intimate connection with land, insects, plants, and soil through awakening their curiosity, wonder, and critical thinking skills. Life is about more than head and gut; our fingernails, skins, palates, nostrils, and tongues are also important in nurturing deep and long lasting bonds of environmental kinship. In this essay we highlight compost-making as a practical school garden activity that builds living soil. Close

• 53. [Article] Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon

  Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon studies the near extinction of what has been historically the world’s largest salmon population. By examining the issue systemically, my ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon Author: Levin, Samuel J Year: 2016 Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon studies the near extinction of what has been historically the world’s largest salmon population. By examining the issue systemically, my paper reveals that the environmental misjudgments that have brought the salmon so near extinction are not isolated, but rather are the product of cultural trends. A study of these misjudgments reveals a culture within the Columbia Basin that has, since the mid-19th century, sought expansion for expansion’s sake and valued short-term wealth over long-term sustainability. My paper illustrates how his philosophy has guided and continues to guide Columbia Basin fisheries management to neglect not just environmental and Native American considerations, but pragmatic ones as well. Title: Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon Author: Levin, Samuel J Year: 2016 Since Time Immemorial: The Decline of Columbia River Basin Salmon studies the near extinction of what has been historically the world’s largest salmon population. By examining the issue systemically, my paper reveals that the environmental misjudgments that have brought the salmon so near extinction are not isolated, but rather are the product of cultural trends. A study of these misjudgments reveals a culture within the Columbia Basin that has, since the mid-19th century, sought expansion for expansion’s sake and valued short-term wealth over long-term sustainability. My paper illustrates how his philosophy has guided and continues to guide Columbia Basin fisheries management to neglect not just environmental and Native American considerations, but pragmatic ones as well. Close

• 54. [Article] New species of Cyphocharax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Curimatidae) from Suriname and French Guiana and a discussion of curimatid diversity on the Guiana Shield

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Société Française d’Ichtyologie and can be found at: http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: New species of Cyphocharax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Curimatidae) from Suriname and French Guiana and a discussion of curimatid diversity on the Guiana Shield Author: Sidlauskas, Brian L., Vari, Richard P., Le Bail, Pierre-Yves This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Société Française d’Ichtyologie and can be found at: http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/. Title: New species of Cyphocharax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Curimatidae) from Suriname and French Guiana and a discussion of curimatid diversity on the Guiana Shield Author: Sidlauskas, Brian L., Vari, Richard P., Le Bail, Pierre-Yves This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Société Française d’Ichtyologie and can be found at: http://www.mnhn.fr/sfi/cybium/. Close

• 55. [Article] Populations of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) with different evolutionary histories differ in their climate occupancy

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/j...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Populations of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) with different evolutionary histories differ in their climate occupancy Author: Roberts, Dar A., Howe, Glenn T., Still, Christopher, Greer, Burke T., Tague, Christina This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292045-7758 Title: Populations of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) with different evolutionary histories differ in their climate occupancy Author: Roberts, Dar A., Howe, Glenn T., Still, Christopher, Greer, Burke T., Tague, Christina This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The published article can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292045-7758 Close

• 56. [Article] Stability and complexity : a reappraisal of the Competitive Exclusion Principle

  Elton (1927) realized that, intuitively at least, nature was complex and stable. And that the last property contributed to the first. This idea was challenged mathematically by Gardner and Ashby (1970) ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Stability and complexity : a reappraisal of the Competitive Exclusion Principle Author: Duran, Israel N. Elton (1927) realized that, intuitively at least, nature was complex and stable. And that the last property contributed to the first. This idea was challenged mathematically by Gardner and Ashby (1970) and May (1972), and in the years following various models have attempted to reconcile these opposing views. Unlike previous mathematical approaches that demonstrated that simple stable systems are destabilized through added complexity, the approach presented herein began with a model that was unstable. This perspective provided allows model complexity and at the same time increased likelihood of mathematically stable. This novel observation suggested that ecosystem complication might stabilize a community. Within these models a system may be stable despite the coexistence of several competitors, in direct opposition to the Competitive Exclusion Principle. The hypothesis that the principle may not hold as an absolute generality beyond two competitors is proposed. This paradox may be explained by (1) interactions between competitors, (2) a keystone predator, or (3) a combination of the first two factors. Title: Stability and complexity : a reappraisal of the Competitive Exclusion Principle Author: Duran, Israel N. Elton (1927) realized that, intuitively at least, nature was complex and stable. And that the last property contributed to the first. This idea was challenged mathematically by Gardner and Ashby (1970) and May (1972), and in the years following various models have attempted to reconcile these opposing views. Unlike previous mathematical approaches that demonstrated that simple stable systems are destabilized through added complexity, the approach presented herein began with a model that was unstable. This perspective provided allows model complexity and at the same time increased likelihood of mathematically stable. This novel observation suggested that ecosystem complication might stabilize a community. Within these models a system may be stable despite the coexistence of several competitors, in direct opposition to the Competitive Exclusion Principle. The hypothesis that the principle may not hold as an absolute generality beyond two competitors is proposed. This paradox may be explained by (1) interactions between competitors, (2) a keystone predator, or (3) a combination of the first two factors. Close

• 57. [Article] Exploring, Exploiting and Evolving Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystem Models: a Community Perspective

  Here, we present a community perspective on how to explore, exploit and evolve the diversity in aquatic ecosystem models. These models play an important role in understanding the functioning of aquatic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Exploring, Exploiting and Evolving Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystem Models: a Community Perspective Author: Janssen, Annette B.G., Arhonditsis, George B., Beusen, Arthur, Bolding, Karsten, Bruce, Louise, Bruggeman, Jorn, Couture, Raoul-Marie, Downing, Andrea S., Elliott, J. Alex, Frassl, Marieke A., Gal, Gideon, Gerla, Daan J., Hipsey, Matthew R., Hu, Fenjuan, Ives, Stephen C., Janse, Jan H., Jeppesen, Erik, Jöhnk, Klaus D., Kneis, David, Kong, Xiangzhen, Kuiper, Jan J., Lehmann, Moritz K., Lemmen, Carsten, Özkundakci, Deniz, Petzoldt, Thomas, Rinke, Karsten, Robson, Barbara J., Sachse, René, Schep, Sebastiaan A., Schmid, Martin, Scholten, Huub, Teurlincx, Sven, Trolle, Dennis, Troost, Tineke A., Van Dam, Anne A., Van Gerven, Luuk P.A., Weijerman, Mariska, Wells, Scott A., Mooij, Wolf M. Year: 2015 Here, we present a community perspective on how to explore, exploit and evolve the diversity in aquatic ecosystem models. These models play an important role in understanding the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, filling in observation gaps and developing effective strategies for water quality management. In this spirit, numerous models have been developed since the 1970s. We set off to explore model diversity by making an inventory among 42 aquatic ecosystem modellers, by categorizing the resulting set of models and by analysing them for diversity. We then focus on how to exploit model diversity by comparing and combining different aspects of existing models. Finally, we discuss how model diversity came about in the past and could evolve in the future. Throughout our study, we use analogies from biodiversity research to analyse and interpret model diversity. We recommend to make models publicly available through open-source policies, to standardize documentation and technical implementation of models, and to compare models through ensemble modelling and interdisciplinary approaches. We end with our perspective on how the field of aquatic ecosystem modelling might develop in the next 5–10 years. To strive for clarity and to improve readability for non-modellers, we include a glossary. Title: Exploring, Exploiting and Evolving Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystem Models: a Community Perspective Author: Janssen, Annette B.G., Arhonditsis, George B., Beusen, Arthur, Bolding, Karsten, Bruce, Louise, Bruggeman, Jorn, Couture, Raoul-Marie, Downing, Andrea S., Elliott, J. Alex, Frassl, Marieke A., Gal, Gideon, Gerla, Daan J., Hipsey, Matthew R., Hu, Fenjuan, Ives, Stephen C., Janse, Jan H., Jeppesen, Erik, Jöhnk, Klaus D., Kneis, David, Kong, Xiangzhen, Kuiper, Jan J., Lehmann, Moritz K., Lemmen, Carsten, Özkundakci, Deniz, Petzoldt, Thomas, Rinke, Karsten, Robson, Barbara J., Sachse, René, Schep, Sebastiaan A., Schmid, Martin, Scholten, Huub, Teurlincx, Sven, Trolle, Dennis, Troost, Tineke A., Van Dam, Anne A., Van Gerven, Luuk P.A., Weijerman, Mariska, Wells, Scott A., Mooij, Wolf M. Year: 2015 Here, we present a community perspective on how to explore, exploit and evolve the diversity in aquatic ecosystem models. These models play an important role in understanding the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, filling in observation gaps and developing effective strategies for water quality management. In this spirit, numerous models have been developed since the 1970s. We set off to explore model diversity by making an inventory among 42 aquatic ecosystem modellers, by categorizing the resulting set of models and by analysing them for diversity. We then focus on how to exploit model diversity by comparing and combining different aspects of existing models. Finally, we discuss how model diversity came about in the past and could evolve in the future. Throughout our study, we use analogies from biodiversity research to analyse and interpret model diversity. We recommend to make models publicly available through open-source policies, to standardize documentation and technical implementation of models, and to compare models through ensemble modelling and interdisciplinary approaches. We end with our perspective on how the field of aquatic ecosystem modelling might develop in the next 5–10 years. To strive for clarity and to improve readability for non-modellers, we include a glossary. Close

• 58. [Article] Managing early succession for biodiversity and long-term productivity of conifer forests in southwestern Oregon

  To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Managing early succession for biodiversity and long-term productivity of conifer forests in southwestern Oregon Author: Little, Susan N., Homann, Peter S., Bormann, Bernard T., Darbyshire, Robyn L., Morrissette, Brett A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management. Title: Managing early succession for biodiversity and long-term productivity of conifer forests in southwestern Oregon Author: Little, Susan N., Homann, Peter S., Bormann, Bernard T., Darbyshire, Robyn L., Morrissette, Brett A. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management. Close

• 59. [Article] Influence of forest structure and experimental green-tree retention on northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) abundance

  This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. To the best of our knowledge, one ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Influence of forest structure and experimental green-tree retention on northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) abundance Author: Gitzen, Robert A., West, Stephen D., Holloway, Gillian L., Maguire, Christine C., Smith, Winston P., Halpern, Charles B. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Title: Influence of forest structure and experimental green-tree retention on northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) abundance Author: Gitzen, Robert A., West, Stephen D., Holloway, Gillian L., Maguire, Christine C., Smith, Winston P., Halpern, Charles B. This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/forest-ecology-and-management/. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work. Close

• 60. [Article] Irrigation, Power, and Salmon: The Case for Voluntary Water Transfers in the Columbia Basin

  This paper begins with a brief history of water law in the west, illustrating the roots of conflict over water allocation. A more detailed examination of activities in the Columbia Basin follows, describing ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Irrigation, Power, and Salmon: The Case for Voluntary Water Transfers in the Columbia Basin Author: Kuhner, Eric Year: 1996 This paper begins with a brief history of water law in the west, illustrating the roots of conflict over water allocation. A more detailed examination of activities in the Columbia Basin follows, describing the many parties affected by issues of water use and the overlapping institutional structures that govern the river and its water. Sources of pressure to change the current pattern of water use are then considered. These include requirements to protect endangered salmon runs and the change over time in the relative values of water for power production and irrigation. This section demonstrates how changes in the value of resources can create conflict when resource allocations are inflexible. Alternative approaches to water allocation are then detailed. An argument is made that water use on the Columbia should be flexible, and that the ability to transfer water more easily from one use to another would be beneficial. The potential economic, social, and environmental benefits and costs of water transfers are also considered. The final section of the paper looks at barriers to water transfers and recommendations for institutional change. The section offers examples of market structures and policy options that might overcome some of the obstacles to water transfers. The argument for a more flexible system of water allocation is then summarized. Title: Irrigation, Power, and Salmon: The Case for Voluntary Water Transfers in the Columbia Basin Author: Kuhner, Eric Year: 1996 This paper begins with a brief history of water law in the west, illustrating the roots of conflict over water allocation. A more detailed examination of activities in the Columbia Basin follows, describing the many parties affected by issues of water use and the overlapping institutional structures that govern the river and its water. Sources of pressure to change the current pattern of water use are then considered. These include requirements to protect endangered salmon runs and the change over time in the relative values of water for power production and irrigation. This section demonstrates how changes in the value of resources can create conflict when resource allocations are inflexible. Alternative approaches to water allocation are then detailed. An argument is made that water use on the Columbia should be flexible, and that the ability to transfer water more easily from one use to another would be beneficial. The potential economic, social, and environmental benefits and costs of water transfers are also considered. The final section of the paper looks at barriers to water transfers and recommendations for institutional change. The section offers examples of market structures and policy options that might overcome some of the obstacles to water transfers. The argument for a more flexible system of water allocation is then summarized. Close