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• 1. [Article] The Impact of Sea Lice Treatments on the Unit Production Costs of Salmon Growth Centers: Evidence from Chilean Aquaculture

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Impact of Sea Lice Treatments on the Unit Production Costs of Salmon Growth Centers: Evidence from Chilean Aquaculture Author: Chávez, Carlos, Dresdner Cid, Jorge, Quiroga, Miguel Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Proceedings of the 2017 Forum of the North American Association of Fisheries Economists, held March 22-24, 2017 in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Title: The Impact of Sea Lice Treatments on the Unit Production Costs of Salmon Growth Centers: Evidence from Chilean Aquaculture Author: Chávez, Carlos, Dresdner Cid, Jorge, Quiroga, Miguel Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Proceedings of the 2017 Forum of the North American Association of Fisheries Economists, held March 22-24, 2017 in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Close

• 2. [Article] Fishery Participation and Location Choice: The West Coast Salmon Fishery

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fishery Participation and Location Choice: The West Coast Salmon Fishery Author: Sylvia, Gilbert, Vasquez Caballero, Smit, Holland, Dan Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Title: Fishery Participation and Location Choice: The West Coast Salmon Fishery Author: Sylvia, Gilbert, Vasquez Caballero, Smit, Holland, Dan Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Close

• 3. [Article] Impacts of the 2008-2009 US West Coast Salmon Ocean Fishery Closure on Salmon Troll Vessels

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impacts of the 2008-2009 US West Coast Salmon Ocean Fishery Closure on Salmon Troll Vessels Author: Holland, Dan, Richerson, Kate Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Title: Impacts of the 2008-2009 US West Coast Salmon Ocean Fishery Closure on Salmon Troll Vessels Author: Holland, Dan, Richerson, Kate Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Close

• 4. [Article] Commercial Fishing Behavior under Changing Ocean Conditions: Spatial Analysis of the US West Coast Salmon Fishery

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Commercial Fishing Behavior under Changing Ocean Conditions: Spatial Analysis of the US West Coast Salmon Fishery Author: Thomas-Smyth, Alice, Speir, Cameron Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Title: Commercial Fishing Behavior under Changing Ocean Conditions: Spatial Analysis of the US West Coast Salmon Fishery Author: Thomas-Smyth, Alice, Speir, Cameron Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Close

• 5. [Article] A Small Parasite Making Big Waves: Industry Consolidation and Collaboration under Spatial-Dynamic Externalities

  Parasites and diseases represent major challenges in aquaculture. In the Norwegian salmon farming industry, costs associated with treatment of sea lice are surging and reached 5bn NOK or 10% of the industry’s ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Small Parasite Making Big Waves: Industry Consolidation and Collaboration under Spatial-Dynamic Externalities Author: Abbott, Joshua, Morency-Lavoie, Félix, Nøstbakken, Linda Parasites and diseases represent major challenges in aquaculture. In the Norwegian salmon farming industry, costs associated with treatment of sea lice are surging and reached 5bn NOK or 10% of the industry’s total export value in 2015. In addition to the direct impact on production, sea lice affect the industry indirectly through stricter regulations and monitoring requirements. Another feature of the Norwegian salmon farming industry is increasing consolidation ever since the deregulation in the early 1990s. In this paper, we investigate whether and to which extent consolidation is driven by a desire to internalize the spatial disease and parasite externality. Theory suggests that such intra-industry spatial externalities create incentives both for mergers and acquisitions, or spatial cooperation, to increase coordination in pest management. Using spatial techniques to capture the geographical spread and density of sea lice, we estimate the spatial dependencies between neighboring farms. The analysis rests on a novel and unique dataset regrouping high frequency biological and financial information at the farm and company level, with industry-wide history of mergers and acquisition as well as of collaboration in the form of joint production. Using this dataset, we are able to identify the impact of sea lice and other pathogens on the structure and behavior of the industry.  Title: A Small Parasite Making Big Waves: Industry Consolidation and Collaboration under Spatial-Dynamic Externalities Author: Abbott, Joshua, Morency-Lavoie, Félix, Nøstbakken, Linda Parasites and diseases represent major challenges in aquaculture. In the Norwegian salmon farming industry, costs associated with treatment of sea lice are surging and reached 5bn NOK or 10% of the industry’s total export value in 2015. In addition to the direct impact on production, sea lice affect the industry indirectly through stricter regulations and monitoring requirements. Another feature of the Norwegian salmon farming industry is increasing consolidation ever since the deregulation in the early 1990s. In this paper, we investigate whether and to which extent consolidation is driven by a desire to internalize the spatial disease and parasite externality. Theory suggests that such intra-industry spatial externalities create incentives both for mergers and acquisitions, or spatial cooperation, to increase coordination in pest management. Using spatial techniques to capture the geographical spread and density of sea lice, we estimate the spatial dependencies between neighboring farms. The analysis rests on a novel and unique dataset regrouping high frequency biological and financial information at the farm and company level, with industry-wide history of mergers and acquisition as well as of collaboration in the form of joint production. Using this dataset, we are able to identify the impact of sea lice and other pathogens on the structure and behavior of the industry.  Close

• 6. [Article] Fish or Flight: The Impact of Transferable Permits on the Migration Decisions of Rural Alaskan Salmon Harvesters

  This research incorporates unique household survey data and a discrete shift in fisheries management into a model of migration in order to analyze the drivers of outmigration in rural Alaskan communities ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fish or Flight: The Impact of Transferable Permits on the Migration Decisions of Rural Alaskan Salmon Harvesters Author: Meredith, Jennifer This research incorporates unique household survey data and a discrete shift in fisheries management into a model of migration in order to analyze the drivers of outmigration in rural Alaskan communities that traditionally depend on fisheries for income. Although there is evidence that a transition to rights-based management decreases the degree of local participation in fisheries as rural residents sell their allocations to outsiders with higher capital endowments, little is known about how these large lump-sum payments affect migration and assets. The implementation of a limited entry permit system in the Alaska salmon fishery allows us to examine how harvesters who reside in rural Alaskan communities respond to such allocations and to test whether these management shifts generate an outflow of migration, potentially undermining the resilience of small communities. A model of migration that integrates fluctuations in fishery returns and transactions within permit markets is tested using individual responses to a household survey conducted with randomly sampled respondents from 10 communities around Bristol Bay.  Although the immediate impact of permit sales on migration appears to be negligible, there is evidence of intergenerational spillovers with descendants being less likely to reside in the region, participate in the fishery, and own durable assets. Title: Fish or Flight: The Impact of Transferable Permits on the Migration Decisions of Rural Alaskan Salmon Harvesters Author: Meredith, Jennifer This research incorporates unique household survey data and a discrete shift in fisheries management into a model of migration in order to analyze the drivers of outmigration in rural Alaskan communities that traditionally depend on fisheries for income. Although there is evidence that a transition to rights-based management decreases the degree of local participation in fisheries as rural residents sell their allocations to outsiders with higher capital endowments, little is known about how these large lump-sum payments affect migration and assets. The implementation of a limited entry permit system in the Alaska salmon fishery allows us to examine how harvesters who reside in rural Alaskan communities respond to such allocations and to test whether these management shifts generate an outflow of migration, potentially undermining the resilience of small communities. A model of migration that integrates fluctuations in fishery returns and transactions within permit markets is tested using individual responses to a household survey conducted with randomly sampled respondents from 10 communities around Bristol Bay.  Although the immediate impact of permit sales on migration appears to be negligible, there is evidence of intergenerational spillovers with descendants being less likely to reside in the region, participate in the fishery, and own durable assets. Close

• 7. [Article] The Bigger, the Better? Spacial Externalities, Economies of Scale, and Consolidation in the Norwegian Fish Farming Industry

  Early studies of economies of scale show that ownership limitations imposed large costs on salmon farming firms prior to the deregulation of the industry in 1991. Since then a number of mergers and acquisitions ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: The Bigger, the Better? Spacial Externalities, Economies of Scale, and Consolidation in the Norwegian Fish Farming Industry Author: Nøstbakken, Linda Early studies of economies of scale show that ownership limitations imposed large costs on salmon farming firms prior to the deregulation of the industry in 1991. Since then a number of mergers and acquisitions have taken place and the industry has become far more concentrated. Despite this, a number of smaller firms remain in the industry, and in recent years, industry concentration has stagnated. From 1996 to 2012, the ten largest companies increased their production share from 18.9% to 69.1%. Since then, it has remained stable at this level (68.9% in 2015). According to survey data from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, medium-sized firms currently have lower variable costs per kilo fish produced than larger firms. We use firm-level data for the period 2001-2014 to investigate what has been driving mergers and acquisitions in the Norwegian fish farming industry. Can the presence of economies of scale justify the mergers and acquisitions that have taken place since 2001? Could it be the case that some firms have grown too large? Combining data on mergers and acquisition and inter-firm collaboration (joint production) with annual survey data on firm-level production, costs and revenues, we empirically investigate drivers of mergers and acquisitions in the industry. Our analysis confirms that some firms have become too large relative to what minimizes production costs. In recent years, we find evidence of increasing collaboration between firms, particularly between small and medium sized firms operating in the same regions. Meanwhile, mergers and acquisitions came to a near halt.  Title: The Bigger, the Better? Spacial Externalities, Economies of Scale, and Consolidation in the Norwegian Fish Farming Industry Author: Nøstbakken, Linda Early studies of economies of scale show that ownership limitations imposed large costs on salmon farming firms prior to the deregulation of the industry in 1991. Since then a number of mergers and acquisitions have taken place and the industry has become far more concentrated. Despite this, a number of smaller firms remain in the industry, and in recent years, industry concentration has stagnated. From 1996 to 2012, the ten largest companies increased their production share from 18.9% to 69.1%. Since then, it has remained stable at this level (68.9% in 2015). According to survey data from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, medium-sized firms currently have lower variable costs per kilo fish produced than larger firms. We use firm-level data for the period 2001-2014 to investigate what has been driving mergers and acquisitions in the Norwegian fish farming industry. Can the presence of economies of scale justify the mergers and acquisitions that have taken place since 2001? Could it be the case that some firms have grown too large? Combining data on mergers and acquisition and inter-firm collaboration (joint production) with annual survey data on firm-level production, costs and revenues, we empirically investigate drivers of mergers and acquisitions in the industry. Our analysis confirms that some firms have become too large relative to what minimizes production costs. In recent years, we find evidence of increasing collaboration between firms, particularly between small and medium sized firms operating in the same regions. Meanwhile, mergers and acquisitions came to a near halt.  Close

• 8. [Article] Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Efforts in the United States and Beyond: An Introduction to this Special Session

  Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Efforts in the United States and Beyond: An Introduction to this Special Session Author: Kosaka, Rosemary Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Title: Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning Efforts in the United States and Beyond: An Introduction to this Special Session Author: Kosaka, Rosemary Suggested Bibliographic Reference: NAAFE Forum 2017 Proceedings, March 22-24, 2017. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver with assistance from Stefani Evers. North American Association of Fisheries Economists (NAAFE), Corvallis, 2017. Close

• 9. [Article] Ecosystem Service Values and the Klamath River Dam Removal

  In February 2010, two agreements were finalized by Federal, State, and Tribal governments and PacifiCorp, a utility company that owns dams on the Klamath River: the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Ecosystem Service Values and the Klamath River Dam Removal Author: Kosaka, Rosemary In February 2010, two agreements were finalized by Federal, State, and Tribal governments and PacifiCorp, a utility company that owns dams on the Klamath River: the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement (KBRA) and the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement (Settlement Agreement). These agreements included provisions that would affect the Klamath River Basin such as removing four dams on the Klamath River, habitat restoration projects, and water allocation schedules for water users. To determine whether implementing these agreements would provide environmental benefits that outweighed the costs, an extensive benefit-cost analysis was undertaken, a collaboration between agencies within the Department of Interior and the Department of Commerce’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Ecosystem service benefits such as the restoration of salmonid fisheries, improvements to irrigated agriculture, and increased recreational opportunities were evaluated against ecosystem service costs such as dam removal, forgone hydropower, and habitat restoration activities. When considering these and other use values, the net benefit of implementing the KBRA and Settlement Agreement was negative (-US$1.6 billion). When including non-use values such as public willingness-to-pay to reduce the extinction risk of Coho salmon, the net benefit of implementing these Agreements was positive (+US$14.1 billion). The addition of these non-use ecosystem service values tipped the scales in favor of the preferred outcome: removing the four Klamath Dams and implementing the other provisions of the Agreements. This talk will discuss the range of ecosystem service values that were evaluated, the controversial nature of the benefit-cost analysis, and the underlying politics and historical context surrounding the Agreements.  Title: Ecosystem Service Values and the Klamath River Dam Removal Author: Kosaka, Rosemary In February 2010, two agreements were finalized by Federal, State, and Tribal governments and PacifiCorp, a utility company that owns dams on the Klamath River: the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement (KBRA) and the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement (Settlement Agreement). These agreements included provisions that would affect the Klamath River Basin such as removing four dams on the Klamath River, habitat restoration projects, and water allocation schedules for water users. To determine whether implementing these agreements would provide environmental benefits that outweighed the costs, an extensive benefit-cost analysis was undertaken, a collaboration between agencies within the Department of Interior and the Department of Commerce’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Ecosystem service benefits such as the restoration of salmonid fisheries, improvements to irrigated agriculture, and increased recreational opportunities were evaluated against ecosystem service costs such as dam removal, forgone hydropower, and habitat restoration activities. When considering these and other use values, the net benefit of implementing the KBRA and Settlement Agreement was negative (-US$1.6 billion). When including non-use values such as public willingness-to-pay to reduce the extinction risk of Coho salmon, the net benefit of implementing these Agreements was positive (+US$14.1 billion). The addition of these non-use ecosystem service values tipped the scales in favor of the preferred outcome: removing the four Klamath Dams and implementing the other provisions of the Agreements. This talk will discuss the range of ecosystem service values that were evaluated, the controversial nature of the benefit-cost analysis, and the underlying politics and historical context surrounding the Agreements.  Close