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• 81. [Article] Sustainable (biological) control of sea lice in Norwegian Atlantic salmon farms: a system dynamics approach

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  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sustainable (biological) control of sea lice in Norwegian Atlantic salmon farms: a system dynamics approach Author: Rich, Karl, Hamza, Kanar presentation Title: Sustainable (biological) control of sea lice in Norwegian Atlantic salmon farms: a system dynamics approach Author: Rich, Karl, Hamza, Kanar presentation Close

• 82. [Article] Aquaculture in Urban and Peri-urban Areas: Implication for Food Security and Environment Consideration

  Change in climate, harvest stagnation in wild fisheries and overexploitation of popular fish species, combined with a growing demand for high quality protein and a need to sustain livelihood and improve ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Aquaculture in Urban and Peri-urban Areas: Implication for Food Security and Environment Consideration Author: Siyanbola, Omitoyin, Adebayo, Jumoke Change in climate, harvest stagnation in wild fisheries and overexploitation of popular fish species, combined with a growing demand for high quality protein and a need to sustain livelihood and improve food security has compelled aquaculturists to domesticate more fish species in environments which is not rural as the case used to be. The dwindling resources from the artisanal sector which provide employment for about 5.8% of the populaces and also supply more than 81.9% of the total domestic fish production is augmented by aquaculture which is the fastest growing production system in the world. Rural-Urban migration which is rapidly increasing has increased the pressure on the urban facilities. Expanding cities affect the areas surrounding the city by altering the natural resource base, converting land to new uses, changing labour patterns, challenging the environment, concentrating urban waste pollution and diminishing natural resource based livelihoods. The paper therefore looks at aquaculture in the urban and peri- urban for food security and its environmental implication. A random sampling technique was used to select 150 respondents from urban and peri- urban communities in Lagos state using structured questionnaire. Data collected include socioeconomic characteristics, production, sales and climatic data The effect of change in climate with a high percentage of people moving from the rural areas to the urban cities increasing congestion, unemployment, urban poverty and subsequently increasing food insecurity should be looked into. There is therefore the need for the Government to look into land use planning and land allocation to cope with rapid development and expansion. Title: Aquaculture in Urban and Peri-urban Areas: Implication for Food Security and Environment Consideration Author: Siyanbola, Omitoyin, Adebayo, Jumoke Change in climate, harvest stagnation in wild fisheries and overexploitation of popular fish species, combined with a growing demand for high quality protein and a need to sustain livelihood and improve food security has compelled aquaculturists to domesticate more fish species in environments which is not rural as the case used to be. The dwindling resources from the artisanal sector which provide employment for about 5.8% of the populaces and also supply more than 81.9% of the total domestic fish production is augmented by aquaculture which is the fastest growing production system in the world. Rural-Urban migration which is rapidly increasing has increased the pressure on the urban facilities. Expanding cities affect the areas surrounding the city by altering the natural resource base, converting land to new uses, changing labour patterns, challenging the environment, concentrating urban waste pollution and diminishing natural resource based livelihoods. The paper therefore looks at aquaculture in the urban and peri- urban for food security and its environmental implication. A random sampling technique was used to select 150 respondents from urban and peri- urban communities in Lagos state using structured questionnaire. Data collected include socioeconomic characteristics, production, sales and climatic data The effect of change in climate with a high percentage of people moving from the rural areas to the urban cities increasing congestion, unemployment, urban poverty and subsequently increasing food insecurity should be looked into. There is therefore the need for the Government to look into land use planning and land allocation to cope with rapid development and expansion. Close

• 83. [Article] Developing Smallholder Aquaculture in Kenya into Viable Enterprises: A case study of Nyaguta fish ponds in Kisii, Kenya

  Smallholder fish farming contribute to improved nutrition, incomes and livelihoods of rural communities. Despite the potential, aquaculture in most rural areas is based on extensive production systems ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Developing Smallholder Aquaculture in Kenya into Viable Enterprises: A case study of Nyaguta fish ponds in Kisii, Kenya Author: Charo-Karisa, Harrison, Okechi, John, Mikolasek, Olivier Smallholder fish farming contribute to improved nutrition, incomes and livelihoods of rural communities. Despite the potential, aquaculture in most rural areas is based on extensive production systems characterized by low availability in inputs. In Nyaguta, farmers are involved in agricultural production activities, including fish farming. However, most farmers do not keep records of resources used in their ponds (inputs, and labour) and outputs. This makes it impossible to assess the profitability of the enterprises. A study was carried out with the objectives: To characterize the inputs used by the farmers and determine the rearing parameters, to describe the fish farmers' practices and assess the fish farming cycle and to determine profitability. Monosex tilapia was stocked in 300m2 ponds at 3 fish/m2 and fed on pellet feed at 5% body weight. Semi-quantitative and qualitative data was collected from nine ponds over the production cycle (February 2010 to June 2011). An enterprise budget was used to compare profitability. Sale of harvested fish, gave the revenue or total income (TI) from each pond. Variable costs (inputs, labour and other operational inputs) were calculated. Family labour costs, were calculated separately to differentiate from casual labour. Total income (TI) less total variable costs (TVC) gave net income (NI) for each pond. From such a snapshot analysis of costs and returns, farmers would tell if their ventures were profitable or not. It also offered them an opportunity to determine areas to cut down or upscale during the production cycle to maximize on profits. It is only after profit realization, that farmers can be motivated to continue investing in fish farming and related activities. Title: Developing Smallholder Aquaculture in Kenya into Viable Enterprises: A case study of Nyaguta fish ponds in Kisii, Kenya Author: Charo-Karisa, Harrison, Okechi, John, Mikolasek, Olivier Smallholder fish farming contribute to improved nutrition, incomes and livelihoods of rural communities. Despite the potential, aquaculture in most rural areas is based on extensive production systems characterized by low availability in inputs. In Nyaguta, farmers are involved in agricultural production activities, including fish farming. However, most farmers do not keep records of resources used in their ponds (inputs, and labour) and outputs. This makes it impossible to assess the profitability of the enterprises. A study was carried out with the objectives: To characterize the inputs used by the farmers and determine the rearing parameters, to describe the fish farmers' practices and assess the fish farming cycle and to determine profitability. Monosex tilapia was stocked in 300m2 ponds at 3 fish/m2 and fed on pellet feed at 5% body weight. Semi-quantitative and qualitative data was collected from nine ponds over the production cycle (February 2010 to June 2011). An enterprise budget was used to compare profitability. Sale of harvested fish, gave the revenue or total income (TI) from each pond. Variable costs (inputs, labour and other operational inputs) were calculated. Family labour costs, were calculated separately to differentiate from casual labour. Total income (TI) less total variable costs (TVC) gave net income (NI) for each pond. From such a snapshot analysis of costs and returns, farmers would tell if their ventures were profitable or not. It also offered them an opportunity to determine areas to cut down or upscale during the production cycle to maximize on profits. It is only after profit realization, that farmers can be motivated to continue investing in fish farming and related activities. Close

• 84. [Article] Adoption and farm-level impact of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) in the Philippines

  Over the last four decades, the aquaculture sector especially in developing countries has experienced dramatic growth. The increase in aquaculture production is a combination of area expansion and technological ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Adoption and farm-level impact of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) in the Philippines Author: Abella, Tereso, Vera Cruz, Emmanuel, Waibel, Hermann, Pemsl, Diemuth E., Tongruksawattana, Thongporn, Garcia, Yolanda T., Chen, Oai Li Over the last four decades, the aquaculture sector especially in developing countries has experienced dramatic growth. The increase in aquaculture production is a combination of area expansion and technological change (enhanced strains, input of feed and fertilizer, and improved management). One example of such technological change is the selective breeding efforts on tilapia that were initiated in 1988 by the WorldFish Center (then ICLARM) together with (inter-)national partners. The outcome of the selective breeding effort was a tilapia strain called ”GIFT” (genetically improved farmed tilapia) which was first made available in 1993 and which showed significantly higher growth rates in on-farm trials. The strain was first adopted in the Philippines but has since been disseminated in 11 Asian countries. Ex-ante studies had shown the potential of the GIFT strain and concluded that substantial impact from GIFT and GIFT-derived strains can be expected. Our study is an ex-post assessment of the farm-level impact of GIFT and the way the technology has been disseminated and taken up. The study is based on a survey of 780 tilapia producers conducted in 2006/2007 in three different regions in Luzon, the Philippines. We analyze adoption rates of the GIFT strain and compare the performance of GIFT vs. non-GIFT strains and the impact of different factors on tilapia yields. Lastly, we evaluate the profitability of the production of GIFT vs. non-GIFT strains. Our major findings are that based on farmers’ reporting the adoption of pure GIFT strains is very low (6%), while almost half of the farmers reported to use GIFTderived strains. There is uncertainty about the genetic origin of the strains in at least 27% of the cases, and even for the GIFT and GIFT-derived strains questions remain with regard to the purity of the breed. Based on farmers’ ratings and the reported production information, the GIFT and GIFT-derived strains did not perform any better compared to other strains. This is likely to be a result of the poor management of improved strains over the last 15 years rather than a shortcoming of the original GIFT technology. Title: Adoption and farm-level impact of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) in the Philippines Author: Abella, Tereso, Vera Cruz, Emmanuel, Waibel, Hermann, Pemsl, Diemuth E., Tongruksawattana, Thongporn, Garcia, Yolanda T., Chen, Oai Li Over the last four decades, the aquaculture sector especially in developing countries has experienced dramatic growth. The increase in aquaculture production is a combination of area expansion and technological change (enhanced strains, input of feed and fertilizer, and improved management). One example of such technological change is the selective breeding efforts on tilapia that were initiated in 1988 by the WorldFish Center (then ICLARM) together with (inter-)national partners. The outcome of the selective breeding effort was a tilapia strain called ”GIFT” (genetically improved farmed tilapia) which was first made available in 1993 and which showed significantly higher growth rates in on-farm trials. The strain was first adopted in the Philippines but has since been disseminated in 11 Asian countries. Ex-ante studies had shown the potential of the GIFT strain and concluded that substantial impact from GIFT and GIFT-derived strains can be expected. Our study is an ex-post assessment of the farm-level impact of GIFT and the way the technology has been disseminated and taken up. The study is based on a survey of 780 tilapia producers conducted in 2006/2007 in three different regions in Luzon, the Philippines. We analyze adoption rates of the GIFT strain and compare the performance of GIFT vs. non-GIFT strains and the impact of different factors on tilapia yields. Lastly, we evaluate the profitability of the production of GIFT vs. non-GIFT strains. Our major findings are that based on farmers’ reporting the adoption of pure GIFT strains is very low (6%), while almost half of the farmers reported to use GIFTderived strains. There is uncertainty about the genetic origin of the strains in at least 27% of the cases, and even for the GIFT and GIFT-derived strains questions remain with regard to the purity of the breed. Based on farmers’ ratings and the reported production information, the GIFT and GIFT-derived strains did not perform any better compared to other strains. This is likely to be a result of the poor management of improved strains over the last 15 years rather than a shortcoming of the original GIFT technology. Close