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• 1. [Article] Achieving Operational Seismic Performance of RC Bridge Bents Retrofitted With Buckling-Restrained Braces

  Typical reinforced concrete (RC) bridges built prior to 1970 were designed with minimum seismic consideration, leaving numerous bridges highly susceptible to damage following an earthquake. In order to ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Achieving Operational Seismic Performance of RC Bridge Bents Retrofitted With Buckling-Restrained Braces Author: Bazáez Gallardo, Ramiro Andrés Gabriel Year: 2017 Typical reinforced concrete (RC) bridges built prior to 1970 were designed with minimum seismic consideration, leaving numerous bridges highly susceptible to damage following an earthquake. In order to improve the seismic behavior of substandard RC bridges, this study presents the seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridge bents retrofitted and repaired using Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs) while considering subduction zone earthquake demands. In order to reflect displacement demands from subduction ground motions, research studies were conducted to develop quasi-static loading protocols and then investigate their effect on structural bridge damage. Results suggested that subduction loading protocols may reduce the displacement ductility capacity of RC bridge columns and change their failure mode. The cyclic performance of reinforced concrete bridge bents retrofitted and repaired using BRBs was experimentally evaluated using large-scale specimens and the developed loading histories. Three BRB specimens were evaluated with the aim of assessing the influence of these components on the overall performance of the retrofitted and repaired bents. Additionally, subassemblage tests were conducted in an effort to study the response of these elements and to allow for refined nonlinear characterization in the analysis of the retrofitted and repaired systems. The results of the large-scale experiments and analytical studies successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing buckling-restrained braces for achieving high displacement ductility of the retrofitted and repaired structures, while also controlling the damage of the existing vulnerable reinforced concrete bent up to an operational performance level. Title: Achieving Operational Seismic Performance of RC Bridge Bents Retrofitted With Buckling-Restrained Braces Author: Bazáez Gallardo, Ramiro Andrés Gabriel Year: 2017 Typical reinforced concrete (RC) bridges built prior to 1970 were designed with minimum seismic consideration, leaving numerous bridges highly susceptible to damage following an earthquake. In order to improve the seismic behavior of substandard RC bridges, this study presents the seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridge bents retrofitted and repaired using Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs) while considering subduction zone earthquake demands. In order to reflect displacement demands from subduction ground motions, research studies were conducted to develop quasi-static loading protocols and then investigate their effect on structural bridge damage. Results suggested that subduction loading protocols may reduce the displacement ductility capacity of RC bridge columns and change their failure mode. The cyclic performance of reinforced concrete bridge bents retrofitted and repaired using BRBs was experimentally evaluated using large-scale specimens and the developed loading histories. Three BRB specimens were evaluated with the aim of assessing the influence of these components on the overall performance of the retrofitted and repaired bents. Additionally, subassemblage tests were conducted in an effort to study the response of these elements and to allow for refined nonlinear characterization in the analysis of the retrofitted and repaired systems. The results of the large-scale experiments and analytical studies successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing buckling-restrained braces for achieving high displacement ductility of the retrofitted and repaired structures, while also controlling the damage of the existing vulnerable reinforced concrete bent up to an operational performance level. Close

• 2. [Article] Cyclic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Bent Retrofitted with Buckling Restrained Braces

  The cyclic behavior of a deficient reinforced concrete bridge bent retrofitted using buckling restrained braces (BRBs) was experimentally evaluated using large scale experiments and quasi-static cyclic ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Cyclic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Bent Retrofitted with Buckling Restrained Braces Author: Bazaez, Ramiro, Dusicka, Peter Year: 2016 The cyclic behavior of a deficient reinforced concrete bridge bent retrofitted using buckling restrained braces (BRBs) was experimentally evaluated using large scale experiments and quasi-static cyclic loading that reflected subduction zone earthquake demands. The retrofitted reinforced concrete bent specimen consisted of two circular cross section columns, a rectangular cap beam and a buckling restrained brace in a diagonal configuration. The brace was secured to the bent using steel gusset plates and post-installed adhesive anchors. The retrofitted bent was designed to perform elastically or with minor damage under different seismic hazards design levels. Two BRB designs were considered in an effort to assess the influence of the BRB design on the overall bent performance. The data from these large-scale experiments were analyzed considering bent hysteretic response, observed damage, component curvatures, internal member loads, as well as the overall stiffness and energy dissipation characteristics. The results successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing buckling restrained braces for achieving high displacement ductility of the retrofitted structure, while also controlling the damage of the existing vulnerable reinforced concrete bent. No damage was observed in the connection regions of the brace throughout the loading history, leaving the potential for rapid replaceability of the sacrificial BRB element. Title: Cyclic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Bent Retrofitted with Buckling Restrained Braces Author: Bazaez, Ramiro, Dusicka, Peter Year: 2016 The cyclic behavior of a deficient reinforced concrete bridge bent retrofitted using buckling restrained braces (BRBs) was experimentally evaluated using large scale experiments and quasi-static cyclic loading that reflected subduction zone earthquake demands. The retrofitted reinforced concrete bent specimen consisted of two circular cross section columns, a rectangular cap beam and a buckling restrained brace in a diagonal configuration. The brace was secured to the bent using steel gusset plates and post-installed adhesive anchors. The retrofitted bent was designed to perform elastically or with minor damage under different seismic hazards design levels. Two BRB designs were considered in an effort to assess the influence of the BRB design on the overall bent performance. The data from these large-scale experiments were analyzed considering bent hysteretic response, observed damage, component curvatures, internal member loads, as well as the overall stiffness and energy dissipation characteristics. The results successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing buckling restrained braces for achieving high displacement ductility of the retrofitted structure, while also controlling the damage of the existing vulnerable reinforced concrete bent. No damage was observed in the connection regions of the brace throughout the loading history, leaving the potential for rapid replaceability of the sacrificial BRB element. Close

• 3. [Article] Geostatistical Examination of the Geotechnical Portland BES Databases with Emphasis on Silt

  Willamette Valley silt deposits from historical catastrophic flood events present a difficult problem for subsurface engineers practicing in the Portland, Oregon area. Silts exhibit behavior of two very ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Geostatistical Examination of the Geotechnical Portland BES Databases with Emphasis on Silt Author: Baumann, Alex K. Year: 2015 Willamette Valley silt deposits from historical catastrophic flood events present a difficult problem for subsurface engineers practicing in the Portland, Oregon area. Silts exhibit behavior of two very well-documented soil types, but publications containing mechanical properties for silts are scant, especially for local silts. Thus, the need for links between real Portland site investigation data and silt properties is high. To further exemplify the need for documented knowledge of local silts, this project reveals the evolving state of practice to incorporate more Pacific Northwest seismic analyses in preparation for a subduction zone earthquake. The geotechnical Portland BES databases contain thousands of private sector (PrS) and public sector (PbS) geotechnical documents from sites in the Portland area. The PrS database includes approximately 7,000 geotechnical documents for PrS projects dating primarily from the mid 1900’s to 2009 for a range of project types. A statistically significant random sample of 1,500 documents from the PrS database was organized and analyzed. The approximate 1,000 documents in the PbS database containing boring logs can be linked to location through a pre-existing GIS layer. The statistically significant sample from the PrS database and the GIS layer from the PbS database were compared spatially to reveal clusters of documented geotechnical projects. An isolated cluster of 80 full geotechnical reports in the Downtown, Portland area from reputable practitioners was examined for standard penetration blow counts, equipment information, groundwater table depths, soil descriptions, unit weights, drill dates, and moisture contents to capture a range of correlated peak effective friction angles for different compositions of silt. The project types and report contents from the PrS database were analyzed in the Downtown area, and conclusions were made on the percentages of project types and apparent chronological trends in report content. Title: Geostatistical Examination of the Geotechnical Portland BES Databases with Emphasis on Silt Author: Baumann, Alex K. Year: 2015 Willamette Valley silt deposits from historical catastrophic flood events present a difficult problem for subsurface engineers practicing in the Portland, Oregon area. Silts exhibit behavior of two very well-documented soil types, but publications containing mechanical properties for silts are scant, especially for local silts. Thus, the need for links between real Portland site investigation data and silt properties is high. To further exemplify the need for documented knowledge of local silts, this project reveals the evolving state of practice to incorporate more Pacific Northwest seismic analyses in preparation for a subduction zone earthquake. The geotechnical Portland BES databases contain thousands of private sector (PrS) and public sector (PbS) geotechnical documents from sites in the Portland area. The PrS database includes approximately 7,000 geotechnical documents for PrS projects dating primarily from the mid 1900’s to 2009 for a range of project types. A statistically significant random sample of 1,500 documents from the PrS database was organized and analyzed. The approximate 1,000 documents in the PbS database containing boring logs can be linked to location through a pre-existing GIS layer. The statistically significant sample from the PrS database and the GIS layer from the PbS database were compared spatially to reveal clusters of documented geotechnical projects. An isolated cluster of 80 full geotechnical reports in the Downtown, Portland area from reputable practitioners was examined for standard penetration blow counts, equipment information, groundwater table depths, soil descriptions, unit weights, drill dates, and moisture contents to capture a range of correlated peak effective friction angles for different compositions of silt. The project types and report contents from the PrS database were analyzed in the Downtown area, and conclusions were made on the percentages of project types and apparent chronological trends in report content. Close