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• 161. [Article] Natural mortality in a Douglas-fir tussock moth infestation in Idaho, 1974

  Mortality from various causes was recorded in a Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., outbreak southeast of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, in 1974. Observations began June 27 when about 50 percent ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Natural mortality in a Douglas-fir tussock moth infestation in Idaho, 1974 Author: McGregor, Mark D., Lood, Rudolph C., Tunnock, Scott, United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry Mortality from various causes was recorded in a Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., outbreak southeast of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, in 1974. Observations began June 27 when about 50 percent of the larvae were second instars and continued until pupation. Within a 35-day period, there was a 93 percent average reduction in population. Approximately 36.7 percent of the population collected and reared in the laboratory died from unknown causes; 11 percent were parasitized; and 3.4 percent were killed by nucleopolyhedrosis virus. Phobocampe n.s. was the most abundant parasite and attacked all instars. Unlike most other past outbreaks, this one did not collapse at the end of 3 years due to virus and parasites. Egg masses were found in infested areas during the fall of 1974. Title: Natural mortality in a Douglas-fir tussock moth infestation in Idaho, 1974 Author: McGregor, Mark D., Lood, Rudolph C., Tunnock, Scott, United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry Mortality from various causes was recorded in a Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., outbreak southeast of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, in 1974. Observations began June 27 when about 50 percent of the larvae were second instars and continued until pupation. Within a 35-day period, there was a 93 percent average reduction in population. Approximately 36.7 percent of the population collected and reared in the laboratory died from unknown causes; 11 percent were parasitized; and 3.4 percent were killed by nucleopolyhedrosis virus. Phobocampe n.s. was the most abundant parasite and attacked all instars. Unlike most other past outbreaks, this one did not collapse at the end of 3 years due to virus and parasites. Egg masses were found in infested areas during the fall of 1974. Close

• 162. [Article] Dipel wettable powder (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) as a control agent for western spruce budworm Choristoneura occidentalis Free

  Dipel (R) was applied by helicopter to three blocks of Douglasfir and Engelmann spruce infested with Choristoneura occidentalis Free., in southwestern Montana. Dosage was 1 pound (7.2 Bill) in 2 gallons ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Dipel wettable powder (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) as a control agent for western spruce budworm Choristoneura occidentalis Free Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Lood, Rudolph C., Hamel, Dennis R., McGregor, Mark D. Dipel (R) was applied by helicopter to three blocks of Douglasfir and Engelmann spruce infested with Choristoneura occidentalis Free., in southwestern Montana. Dosage was 1 pound (7.2 Bill) in 2 gallons of water/acre (453 g in 7.5 t/0.4 ha). A commercial surfactant, Bio-film (R) was added at the rate of 16 oz./100 gal. (453 g/378.5 £) of spray. Rhodamine B extra S dye was added at the rate of 1.25 g/i. Dipel was applied to mainly third and fourth instar budworm. Mortality, corrected by covariance analysis, at 21-day postspray counts indicated an average of 50.4 percent control. Additional mortality further reduced the population to an estimated 4.4 budworm/100 buds compared to 12 budworm/100 buds in check blocks. Foliage protection was 5.6 percent. Significant parasite population disruptions occurred following spray application. Title: Dipel wettable powder (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) as a control agent for western spruce budworm Choristoneura occidentalis Free Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Lood, Rudolph C., Hamel, Dennis R., McGregor, Mark D. Dipel (R) was applied by helicopter to three blocks of Douglasfir and Engelmann spruce infested with Choristoneura occidentalis Free., in southwestern Montana. Dosage was 1 pound (7.2 Bill) in 2 gallons of water/acre (453 g in 7.5 t/0.4 ha). A commercial surfactant, Bio-film (R) was added at the rate of 16 oz./100 gal. (453 g/378.5 £) of spray. Rhodamine B extra S dye was added at the rate of 1.25 g/i. Dipel was applied to mainly third and fourth instar budworm. Mortality, corrected by covariance analysis, at 21-day postspray counts indicated an average of 50.4 percent control. Additional mortality further reduced the population to an estimated 4.4 budworm/100 buds compared to 12 budworm/100 buds in check blocks. Foliage protection was 5.6 percent. Significant parasite population disruptions occurred following spray application. Close

• 163. [Article] Noneffectiveness of Ribes eradication as a control of white pine blister rust in Yellowstone National Park

  Eradication of Ribes spp. to control white pine blister rust in Yellowstone National Park was started in 1947. In 1968 this study was initiated to evaluate the previous control effort. Ribes eradication was ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Noneffectiveness of Ribes eradication as a control of white pine blister rust in Yellowstone National Park Author: Carlson, Clinton E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry Eradication of Ribes spp. to control white pine blister rust in Yellowstone National Park was started in 1947. In 1968 this study was initiated to evaluate the previous control effort. Ribes eradication was suspended in 1968 in 18 white pine stands and Ribes and rust were allowed to increase within rust control units. Eleven stands outside eradication units were selected as checks. In 1968, and again in 1978, percent rust infection on pine and the importance of Ribes were determined. Neither rust nor Ribes increased during the 10-year period; both were essentially absent from the "eradicated" stands in 1968 and 1978. Even though Ribes populations were comparatively high in the noneradicated stands, incidence of rust was nearly absent. The data show that the eradication of Ribes in Yellowstone has had little or no effect on spread and intensification of rust in the Park. Title: Noneffectiveness of Ribes eradication as a control of white pine blister rust in Yellowstone National Park Author: Carlson, Clinton E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry Eradication of Ribes spp. to control white pine blister rust in Yellowstone National Park was started in 1947. In 1968 this study was initiated to evaluate the previous control effort. Ribes eradication was suspended in 1968 in 18 white pine stands and Ribes and rust were allowed to increase within rust control units. Eleven stands outside eradication units were selected as checks. In 1968, and again in 1978, percent rust infection on pine and the importance of Ribes were determined. Neither rust nor Ribes increased during the 10-year period; both were essentially absent from the "eradicated" stands in 1968 and 1978. Even though Ribes populations were comparatively high in the noneradicated stands, incidence of rust was nearly absent. The data show that the eradication of Ribes in Yellowstone has had little or no effect on spread and intensification of rust in the Park. Close

• 164. [Article] Status of mountain pine beetle infestations in second-growth ponderosa pine stands, Little Belt and Big Snowy Mountains, Lewis & Clark National Forest, Montana, 1976

  Mountain pine beetle infestations in second-growth ponderosa pine have been chronic in the Little Belt and Big Snowy Mountains since 1947. In 1976, increasing numbers of attacked trees were observed. Current ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Status of mountain pine beetle infestations in second-growth ponderosa pine stands, Little Belt and Big Snowy Mountains, Lewis & Clark National Forest, Montana, 1976 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Oakes, Robert D., Hamel, Dennis R. Mountain pine beetle infestations in second-growth ponderosa pine have been chronic in the Little Belt and Big Snowy Mountains since 1947. In 1976, increasing numbers of attacked trees were observed. Current infestation intensity averages 82 trees per hectare. Losses are expected to continue as long as stands remain stagnates. Commercial sales and thinning to reduce basal area below 34 m /ha* are recommended. Precautions are given to prevent population buildup of secondary bark beetles. Title: Status of mountain pine beetle infestations in second-growth ponderosa pine stands, Little Belt and Big Snowy Mountains, Lewis & Clark National Forest, Montana, 1976 Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Oakes, Robert D., Hamel, Dennis R. Mountain pine beetle infestations in second-growth ponderosa pine have been chronic in the Little Belt and Big Snowy Mountains since 1947. In 1976, increasing numbers of attacked trees were observed. Current infestation intensity averages 82 trees per hectare. Losses are expected to continue as long as stands remain stagnates. Commercial sales and thinning to reduce basal area below 34 m /ha* are recommended. Precautions are given to prevent population buildup of secondary bark beetles. Close

• 165. [Article] A pilot project evaluating trichlorfon and acephate for managing the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, Helena National Forest, Montana, 1976

  A pilot project to evaluate trichlorfon and acephate for suppressing western spruce budworm populations was conducted on the Helena National Forest, Montana. Both insecticides were applied at 1 pound active ingredient ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A pilot project evaluating trichlorfon and acephate for managing the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, Helena National Forest, Montana, 1976 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Flavell, Thomas H., Tunnock, Scott A pilot project to evaluate trichlorfon and acephate for suppressing western spruce budworm populations was conducted on the Helena National Forest, Montana. Both insecticides were applied at 1 pound active ingredient per acre. Application was made with a Bell 205A helicopter using eight Beecomist Model 350 spray heads. Treatments and controls were replicated three times. Each replicate covered approximately 1,000 acres. Treatments were applied under a population reduction strategy. The effects of treatments on fish and aquatic organisms and budworm parasites were monitored. Covariance analysis of budworm larval populations 10 days after spraying showed that trichlorfon and acephate gave 59.53 and 86.86 percent control respectively. The degree of foliage protection was estimated at 13.67 percent for trichlorfon and 11.80 percent for acephate. Treatments did not have a significant effect on budworm parasites, fish, or aquatic organisms. Title: A pilot project evaluating trichlorfon and acephate for managing the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, Helena National Forest, Montana, 1976 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Flavell, Thomas H., Tunnock, Scott A pilot project to evaluate trichlorfon and acephate for suppressing western spruce budworm populations was conducted on the Helena National Forest, Montana. Both insecticides were applied at 1 pound active ingredient per acre. Application was made with a Bell 205A helicopter using eight Beecomist Model 350 spray heads. Treatments and controls were replicated three times. Each replicate covered approximately 1,000 acres. Treatments were applied under a population reduction strategy. The effects of treatments on fish and aquatic organisms and budworm parasites were monitored. Covariance analysis of budworm larval populations 10 days after spraying showed that trichlorfon and acephate gave 59.53 and 86.86 percent control respectively. The degree of foliage protection was estimated at 13.67 percent for trichlorfon and 11.80 percent for acephate. Treatments did not have a significant effect on budworm parasites, fish, or aquatic organisms. Close

• 166. [Article] Status of mountain pine beetle infestation, Bozeman-Gallatin Ranger District, Gallatin National Forest, 1977

  Mountain pine beetle populations developed to epidmic level on the Bozeman-Gallatin Ranger District in 1969. Approximately 146,000 acres are currently infested. Since 1969, over 350 MMBF have been killed. It ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Status of mountain pine beetle infestation, Bozeman-Gallatin Ranger District, Gallatin National Forest, 1977 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Hamel, Dennis R., McGregor, Mark D. Mountain pine beetle populations developed to epidmic level on the Bozeman-Gallatin Ranger District in 1969. Approximately 146,000 acres are currently infested. Since 1969, over 350 MMBF have been killed. It is predicted that over 4 million trees could be killed in 1978. Infestation is predicted to intensify in high-hazard stands. Populations have declined in areas where infestation first developed in 1969. Potential losses can be reduced through an accelerated program of (1) sanitation salvage cutting and (2) silvicultural management. High hazard stands should receive first priority. Title: Status of mountain pine beetle infestation, Bozeman-Gallatin Ranger District, Gallatin National Forest, 1977 Author: Meyer, Hubert E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Hamel, Dennis R., McGregor, Mark D. Mountain pine beetle populations developed to epidmic level on the Bozeman-Gallatin Ranger District in 1969. Approximately 146,000 acres are currently infested. Since 1969, over 350 MMBF have been killed. It is predicted that over 4 million trees could be killed in 1978. Infestation is predicted to intensify in high-hazard stands. Populations have declined in areas where infestation first developed in 1969. Potential losses can be reduced through an accelerated program of (1) sanitation salvage cutting and (2) silvicultural management. High hazard stands should receive first priority. Close

• 167. [Article] Evaluation of root diseases on the Ducharme logging unit, Flathead Indian Reservation

  A root disease evaluation was completed for the Ducharme logging unit near the southeast corner of Flathead Lake. Extensive root disease was found on Douglas-fir throughout the unit. The major pathogen ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of root diseases on the Ducharme logging unit, Flathead Indian Reservation Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, James, Robert L., Byler, James W. A root disease evaluation was completed for the Ducharme logging unit near the southeast corner of Flathead Lake. Extensive root disease was found on Douglas-fir throughout the unit. The major pathogen on the site was Armillaria meilea. Black stain (Verticicladiella sp.) was isolated from one tree which was also infected with A. mellea. Bark beetles were not associated with mortality in the unit. Several management approaches to reduce disease losses are discussed. Title: Evaluation of root diseases on the Ducharme logging unit, Flathead Indian Reservation Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, James, Robert L., Byler, James W. A root disease evaluation was completed for the Ducharme logging unit near the southeast corner of Flathead Lake. Extensive root disease was found on Douglas-fir throughout the unit. The major pathogen on the site was Armillaria meilea. Black stain (Verticicladiella sp.) was isolated from one tree which was also infected with A. mellea. Bark beetles were not associated with mortality in the unit. Several management approaches to reduce disease losses are discussed. Close

• 168. [Article] Evaluation of the Douglas-fir beetle infestation in the North Fork Clearwater River drainage, Idaho--1972

  The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk., has caused extensive tree mortality for the third consecutive year in the North Fork Clearwater River drainage in northern Idaho. In 1972, the ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of the Douglas-fir beetle infestation in the North Fork Clearwater River drainage, Idaho--1972 Author: McGregor, Mark D., Bousfield, Wayne E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk., has caused extensive tree mortality for the third consecutive year in the North Fork Clearwater River drainage in northern Idaho. In 1972, the infestation encompassed about 494,080 acres of commercial forest lands in this drainage. It was estimated from a tw-stage aerial photo-ground survey that 240,00 trees were killed during the 3-year period 1970-72, resulting in a loss of about 109 MMBF of Douglas-fir sawtimber. Infestation levels are expected to decline in 1973, but significant tree mortality is expected in Localized infestation centers. Title: Evaluation of the Douglas-fir beetle infestation in the North Fork Clearwater River drainage, Idaho--1972 Author: McGregor, Mark D., Bousfield, Wayne E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk., has caused extensive tree mortality for the third consecutive year in the North Fork Clearwater River drainage in northern Idaho. In 1972, the infestation encompassed about 494,080 acres of commercial forest lands in this drainage. It was estimated from a tw-stage aerial photo-ground survey that 240,00 trees were killed during the 3-year period 1970-72, resulting in a loss of about 109 MMBF of Douglas-fir sawtimber. Infestation levels are expected to decline in 1973, but significant tree mortality is expected in Localized infestation centers. Close

• 169. [Article] Evaluation of the pine butterfly infestation on the Nezperce National Forest, 1972

  The pine butterfly, Neophasia menapia (Felder and Felder), infestation on the Nezperce National Forest was aerially surveyed in mid-August 1972. A followup ground evaluation was made in September. Results ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Evaluation of the pine butterfly infestation on the Nezperce National Forest, 1972 Author: Dewey, Jerald E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Ciesla, William M. The pine butterfly, Neophasia menapia (Felder and Felder), infestation on the Nezperce National Forest was aerially surveyed in mid-August 1972. A followup ground evaluation was made in September. Results of the survey show the infestation has increased substantially in intensity and size. The infestation was first reported in 1971 when 4,200 acres of aerially visible defoliation were detected along the south-facing slopes of the Salmon River breaks east of Riggins, Idaho. Approximately 22,000 acres of defoliation were mapped during the 1972 aerial survey. In addition to the infested areas east of Riggins, defoliation exists as far north as Slate Creek and also on the "island" to the south (Fig. 1). Defoliation intensities range from just detectable to complete removal of the foliage. Most of the trees still have their 1972 needles. Title: Evaluation of the pine butterfly infestation on the Nezperce National Forest, 1972 Author: Dewey, Jerald E., United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Ciesla, William M. The pine butterfly, Neophasia menapia (Felder and Felder), infestation on the Nezperce National Forest was aerially surveyed in mid-August 1972. A followup ground evaluation was made in September. Results of the survey show the infestation has increased substantially in intensity and size. The infestation was first reported in 1971 when 4,200 acres of aerially visible defoliation were detected along the south-facing slopes of the Salmon River breaks east of Riggins, Idaho. Approximately 22,000 acres of defoliation were mapped during the 1972 aerial survey. In addition to the infested areas east of Riggins, defoliation exists as far north as Slate Creek and also on the "island" to the south (Fig. 1). Defoliation intensities range from just detectable to complete removal of the foliage. Most of the trees still have their 1972 needles. Close

• 170. [Article] Observations on the decline of western larch defoliated by larch casebearer in the northern region

  Numerous stands of western larch, Larix occidentalis, on the St. Joe, Coeur d'Alene, and Kaniksu National Forests, Idaho, show signs of gradual deterioration following repeated defoliation by larch casebearer, Coleophora ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Observations on the decline of western larch defoliated by larch casebearer in the northern region Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Numerous stands of western larch, Larix occidentalis, on the St. Joe, Coeur d'Alene, and Kaniksu National Forests, Idaho, show signs of gradual deterioration following repeated defoliation by larch casebearer, Coleophora Zaricella Hbn. (Tunnock et al. 1969). Stand deterioration can occur after 4 years of continued heavy defoliation. The main symptom is epicormic branching. Upon examination, many of these dead and dying larch have been infested by the western larch borer, Tetropium veZutinum LeConte, or infected by root rotting fungi. The objective of this study was to determine if larch severely weakened by larch casebearer feeding would die if they were not attacked by borers or root rots. Title: Observations on the decline of western larch defoliated by larch casebearer in the northern region Author: United States. Forest Service. Northern Region. State & Private Forestry, Tunnock, Scott Numerous stands of western larch, Larix occidentalis, on the St. Joe, Coeur d'Alene, and Kaniksu National Forests, Idaho, show signs of gradual deterioration following repeated defoliation by larch casebearer, Coleophora Zaricella Hbn. (Tunnock et al. 1969). Stand deterioration can occur after 4 years of continued heavy defoliation. The main symptom is epicormic branching. Upon examination, many of these dead and dying larch have been infested by the western larch borer, Tetropium veZutinum LeConte, or infected by root rotting fungi. The objective of this study was to determine if larch severely weakened by larch casebearer feeding would die if they were not attacked by borers or root rots. Close