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• 41. [Article] Nutrient retention, mobilization and loss in undisturbed forest ecosystems on experimental watersheds at the H. J. Andrews experimental forest - B18

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Nutrient retention, mobilization and loss in undisturbed forest ecosystems on experimental watersheds at the H. J. Andrews experimental forest - B18 Author: Fredriksen, R. L., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Moore, Duane G., University of Washington Title: Nutrient retention, mobilization and loss in undisturbed forest ecosystems on experimental watersheds at the H. J. Andrews experimental forest - B18 Author: Fredriksen, R. L., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Moore, Duane G., University of Washington Close

• 42. [Article] Climatological station operation at the Thompson Research Center on the Cedar River watershed

  Best copy available.

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Climatological station operation at the Thompson Research Center on the Cedar River watershed Author: University of Washington, Fritschen, Leo, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome Best copy available. Title: Climatological station operation at the Thompson Research Center on the Cedar River watershed Author: University of Washington, Fritschen, Leo, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome Best copy available. Close

• 43. [Article] Grazing and production by zooplankton in lakes of the Cedar River watershed

  Zooplankton grazing rates and life history stage densities for secondary production estimates were determined in three lakes in the Cedar River watershed, Washington. Eight copepod species, seven cladoceran ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Grazing and production by zooplankton in lakes of the Cedar River watershed Author: Pederson, G. L., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Stoll, Richard Kenneth, Welch, E. B. (Eugene B.) Zooplankton grazing rates and life history stage densities for secondary production estimates were determined in three lakes in the Cedar River watershed, Washington. Eight copepod species, seven cladoceran and nine rotifer species were identified in the three lakes. No one species of cladoceran or copepod occurred in all the lakes, but the rotifers are common throughout. Copepods in the lakes showed no clear diet migration, while two cladocerans did migrate. Copepods were most important numerically in the lakes. Some principal members were Diaptomus ashZandi which reached a seasonal maximum adult density of 11/2 (mean of water column) in Lake Sammamish and LimnocaZanus in Chester Morse which reached a maximum of 0.7/2. Two Diaptomus species are Important in Findley Lake. Densities averaged about 10 times greater in Sammamish than in the two oligotrophic lakes. Data on population dynamics from the egg ratio technique are given for the common cladocerans in the three lakes. Grazing of phytoplankton by zooplankton stimulated photosynthetic carbon uptake in the light in excess of 200 percent over ungrazed populations. Phytoplankton loss rates from grazing ranged from 0.002 to 0.268 pg chi a/ animal day. Feeding was found to be maximum at low concentrations of algae. These rates account for from 2-247 percent of the average growing season productivity in the lakes. Net plankton (>500 were seldom grazed and since that size fraction and algal mass in general increased with mean productivity and nutrient content in the lakes such decreasing efficiency in food transfer is seen as a major effect of eutrophication. Title: Grazing and production by zooplankton in lakes of the Cedar River watershed Author: Pederson, G. L., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Stoll, Richard Kenneth, Welch, E. B. (Eugene B.) Zooplankton grazing rates and life history stage densities for secondary production estimates were determined in three lakes in the Cedar River watershed, Washington. Eight copepod species, seven cladoceran and nine rotifer species were identified in the three lakes. No one species of cladoceran or copepod occurred in all the lakes, but the rotifers are common throughout. Copepods in the lakes showed no clear diet migration, while two cladocerans did migrate. Copepods were most important numerically in the lakes. Some principal members were Diaptomus ashZandi which reached a seasonal maximum adult density of 11/2 (mean of water column) in Lake Sammamish and LimnocaZanus in Chester Morse which reached a maximum of 0.7/2. Two Diaptomus species are Important in Findley Lake. Densities averaged about 10 times greater in Sammamish than in the two oligotrophic lakes. Data on population dynamics from the egg ratio technique are given for the common cladocerans in the three lakes. Grazing of phytoplankton by zooplankton stimulated photosynthetic carbon uptake in the light in excess of 200 percent over ungrazed populations. Phytoplankton loss rates from grazing ranged from 0.002 to 0.268 pg chi a/ animal day. Feeding was found to be maximum at low concentrations of algae. These rates account for from 2-247 percent of the average growing season productivity in the lakes. Net plankton (>500 were seldom grazed and since that size fraction and algal mass in general increased with mean productivity and nutrient content in the lakes such decreasing efficiency in food transfer is seen as a major effect of eutrophication. Close

• 44. [Article] Movement of water through forested soils in steep topography

  Field and laboratory studies are being conducted to describe the hydrologic properties of soil and to determine the timing pathway of precipitation and snowmelt water as it moved through forested soil ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Movement of water through forested soils in steep topography Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Harr, R. Dennis (Robert Dennis), 1941-, Ranken, Darren W., University of Washington Field and laboratory studies are being conducted to describe the hydrologic properties of soil and to determine the timing pathway of precipitation and snowmelt water as it moved through forested soil on a steep slope. Hydrologic properties include hydraulic conductivity, porosity, pore-size distribution, moisture characteristics, stone content, and soil depth. Laboratory analyses indicated an abrupt change in hydrologic properties within the top 1.5 m of soil. Water input and movement through the soil are being monitored during winter storm events. Title: Movement of water through forested soils in steep topography Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Harr, R. Dennis (Robert Dennis), 1941-, Ranken, Darren W., University of Washington Field and laboratory studies are being conducted to describe the hydrologic properties of soil and to determine the timing pathway of precipitation and snowmelt water as it moved through forested soil on a steep slope. Hydrologic properties include hydraulic conductivity, porosity, pore-size distribution, moisture characteristics, stone content, and soil depth. Laboratory analyses indicated an abrupt change in hydrologic properties within the top 1.5 m of soil. Water input and movement through the soil are being monitored during winter storm events. Close

• 45. [Article] Seasonal model of litter decomposition in coniferous forests

  A litter decomposition model was developed as part of :a watershed modeling effort. This model simulates weekly dry weight changes In woody and nonwoody litter (01), incorporated litter layer (02), and ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Seasonal model of litter decomposition in coniferous forests Author: Grier, Charles Crocker, 1938-, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington, Strand, H. A. A litter decomposition model was developed as part of :a watershed modeling effort. This model simulates weekly dry weight changes In woody and nonwoody litter (01), incorporated litter layer (02), and soil organic matter. Processes simulated by the model include: litterfall by component, root turnover, respiration, decomposition, and organic matter transport. Data from the A. E. Thompson Experimental Forest in Washington were used to test the model. Results were consistent with observed behavior and published values for the nonwoody litter and the two soil compartments. Results indicate that the woody litter compartment may,need to be further divided according to particle size. Title: Seasonal model of litter decomposition in coniferous forests Author: Grier, Charles Crocker, 1938-, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington, Strand, H. A. A litter decomposition model was developed as part of :a watershed modeling effort. This model simulates weekly dry weight changes In woody and nonwoody litter (01), incorporated litter layer (02), and soil organic matter. Processes simulated by the model include: litterfall by component, root turnover, respiration, decomposition, and organic matter transport. Data from the A. E. Thompson Experimental Forest in Washington were used to test the model. Results were consistent with observed behavior and published values for the nonwoody litter and the two soil compartments. Results indicate that the woody litter compartment may,need to be further divided according to particle size. Close

• 46. [Article] Fleshy fungi fruiting in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest : a partial list of collections from fall 1970 to spring 1972

  The fleshy carpophores of fungi fruiling, on soil and litter were collected from watersheds 2, 3, and 10, IBP sites located in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest near Blue River, Oregon (122° W, 44° ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Fleshy fungi fruiting in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest : a partial list of collections from fall 1970 to spring 1972 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Rhoades, Frederick Mast, University of Washington The fleshy carpophores of fungi fruiling, on soil and litter were collected from watersheds 2, 3, and 10, IBP sites located in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest near Blue River, Oregon (122° W, 44° N). No effort was made to systematize collections: all carpophores in fresh condition seen were taken. Collections were made from October, 1970 to April, 1972; generally, the more fungi fruiting, the more often trips to collect were made. Attempts were made to culture all fungi from fresh and large enough specimens, though only few positive cultures were obtained. Specimens were dried and deposited in the OSU herbarium. In addition, those collections of Dr. James Trappe and Robert Fogel, made from the Andrews, are included in the list. I would like to aknowledge the help of Dr. D. E. Stuntz and Dr. Alexander Smith in identification of some collections. Needless to say this list is hardly complete; it is presented with the expectation that changes, additions and deletions will be sent to the author, by those who know the fungal flora and have made collections in the Andrews and nearby. Title: Fleshy fungi fruiting in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest : a partial list of collections from fall 1970 to spring 1972 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, Rhoades, Frederick Mast, University of Washington The fleshy carpophores of fungi fruiling, on soil and litter were collected from watersheds 2, 3, and 10, IBP sites located in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest near Blue River, Oregon (122° W, 44° N). No effort was made to systematize collections: all carpophores in fresh condition seen were taken. Collections were made from October, 1970 to April, 1972; generally, the more fungi fruiting, the more often trips to collect were made. Attempts were made to culture all fungi from fresh and large enough specimens, though only few positive cultures were obtained. Specimens were dried and deposited in the OSU herbarium. In addition, those collections of Dr. James Trappe and Robert Fogel, made from the Andrews, are included in the list. I would like to aknowledge the help of Dr. D. E. Stuntz and Dr. Alexander Smith in identification of some collections. Needless to say this list is hardly complete; it is presented with the expectation that changes, additions and deletions will be sent to the author, by those who know the fungal flora and have made collections in the Andrews and nearby. Close

• 47. [Article] Report of the aquatic modeling group : round one

  The aquatic modeling group, consisting of Davis, Donaldson, Hall, Higley, Lyford, McIntire, Mullooly, Overton, Strand, Waring, and Warren, met in four 2-hour sessions from July 7 to July 26. The charge ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Report of the aquatic modeling group : round one Author: Hall, James D., Higley, Duane Lee, McIntire, C. David, University of Washington, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome The aquatic modeling group, consisting of Davis, Donaldson, Hall, Higley, Lyford, McIntire, Mullooly, Overton, Strand, Waring, and Warren, met in four 2-hour sessions from July 7 to July 26. The charge to the group was: 1. Define an appropriate internal structure for the aquatic subsystem; 2. Define significant couplings between the aquatic and terrestrial systems; and 3. Begin to evaluate the present program with the above as background. In general, the discussion centered around stream systems, and specifically around the Lookout Creek drainage on the H. J. Andrews Forest, site of most of the Oregon field research. Much consideration. was given to the best means of incorporating data from earlier studies on Berry Creek, the Drift Creek streams (Alsea Watershed Study), and the Oak Creek Experimental Streams into present modeling efforts. Higley is charged with the responsibility of bringing together a listing of the pertinent publications and theses that might be most applicable to this effort. A tentative listing is included with this report. Title: Report of the aquatic modeling group : round one Author: Hall, James D., Higley, Duane Lee, McIntire, C. David, University of Washington, U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome The aquatic modeling group, consisting of Davis, Donaldson, Hall, Higley, Lyford, McIntire, Mullooly, Overton, Strand, Waring, and Warren, met in four 2-hour sessions from July 7 to July 26. The charge to the group was: 1. Define an appropriate internal structure for the aquatic subsystem; 2. Define significant couplings between the aquatic and terrestrial systems; and 3. Begin to evaluate the present program with the above as background. In general, the discussion centered around stream systems, and specifically around the Lookout Creek drainage on the H. J. Andrews Forest, site of most of the Oregon field research. Much consideration. was given to the best means of incorporating data from earlier studies on Berry Creek, the Drift Creek streams (Alsea Watershed Study), and the Oak Creek Experimental Streams into present modeling efforts. Higley is charged with the responsibility of bringing together a listing of the pertinent publications and theses that might be most applicable to this effort. A tentative listing is included with this report. Close

• 48. [Article] Modeling water uptake on coniferous forest Oregon watershed 10 synthesis

  In the Coniferous Forest Biome, many of the understory as well as dominant plants are evergreen and thus water uptake is a year around process. The flow of water from the soil through plants to the atmosphere affects ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Modeling water uptake on coniferous forest Oregon watershed 10 synthesis Author: Holbo, Harold Richard, Kline, J. R., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington, Running, S. W., Waring, Richard H. In the Coniferous Forest Biome, many of the understory as well as dominant plants are evergreen and thus water uptake is a year around process. The flow of water from the soil through plants to the atmosphere affects the entire forest ecosystem. As water is evaporated, it absorbs heat and influences the energy budget; as it is conducted through vascular plants, it carries nutrients; and as it is removed from the soil, it reduces seepage and water available to free-living soil organisms. It is important in an ecosystem model that the hydrologic, biologic, and meteorological processes be coupled in a realistic manner. It is the objective of this report to suggest a coupling that is both practical and theoretically sound. Title: Modeling water uptake on coniferous forest Oregon watershed 10 synthesis Author: Holbo, Harold Richard, Kline, J. R., U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome, University of Washington, Running, S. W., Waring, Richard H. In the Coniferous Forest Biome, many of the understory as well as dominant plants are evergreen and thus water uptake is a year around process. The flow of water from the soil through plants to the atmosphere affects the entire forest ecosystem. As water is evaporated, it absorbs heat and influences the energy budget; as it is conducted through vascular plants, it carries nutrients; and as it is removed from the soil, it reduces seepage and water available to free-living soil organisms. It is important in an ecosystem model that the hydrologic, biologic, and meteorological processes be coupled in a realistic manner. It is the objective of this report to suggest a coupling that is both practical and theoretically sound. Close

• 49. [Article] Coniferous forest biome :1975 to 1977 proposal : Volume 1

  The Coniferous Forest Biome was initially funded in 1970 by the National Science Foundation as a large-scale, interdisciplinary, interinstitutional research program to study coniferous forest and associated ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Coniferous forest biome :1975 to 1977 proposal : Volume 1 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome The Coniferous Forest Biome was initially funded in 1970 by the National Science Foundation as a large-scale, interdisciplinary, interinstitutional research program to study coniferous forest and associated aquatic ecosystems. It was initiated as one of the Integrated Research Programs in the Ecosystem Analysis Section of the U.S./International Biological Program (US/IBP). The IBP was generated in response to a need to solve the major problems confronting mankind: rapidly increasing population, food and fiber shortages, and environmental degradation. Its major theme was "determination of the biological basis for productivity and human welfare." The US/IBP is sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council and terminates on 30 June 1974. This proposal requests continued support in the post-IBP period from 1 January 1975 to 31 December 1977. Our initial proposals were developed around the need for developing new approaches and theory in ecology and concentrated on integrating knowledge of the structure and function of selected terrestrial and linked aquatic ecosystems. Development of ecosystem theory is needed to forward basic ecological science and for practical land management purposes. This proposal emphasizes further extension of Biome research in space and time dimensions from the data base and theoretical understanding of coniferous forest ecosystems gained to date. This will be accomplished through studies that will be conducted at the stand, watershed, regional, ecosystem interaction, lake and stream integration levels. Modeling will be used as an integrating mechanism at each of the levels. The proposal is presented in three volumes. Volume 1 (parts 1 and 2) describes our research rationale, our proposed research in relation to our findings, research management, application of Biome results, budgets, and project summaries. Volume 2 (parts 3-5) represents an initial synthesis of program results to date. Part 3 describes the structure and dynamics of natural coniferous ecosystems in the Biome with emphasis on the Douglas-fir region. Modeling has been used as our major integrating mechanism. Part 4 is devoted to discussion of what we have learned about integrating ecosystem studies through modeling. We have just initiated studies on the behavior of stressed (e.g., insect defoliated) and manipulated (e.g., fertilized) ecosystems, and the preliminary information we have gained in this area is presented in part 5. In this discussion our findings are compared with the findings of other researchers where possible. There are many gaps in our knowledge of the effects of stress and manipulation on coniferous forest ecosystems, and as a result we have proposed research in that area. Volume 3 consists of the Appendix (part 6), which includes a list of Biome publications (contributions, bulletins, and internal reports), a section on model documentation, and curriculum vitae. The section on model documentation is particularly important since it provides a framework for evaluating complicated models by biologists and modelers alike. Title: Coniferous forest biome :1975 to 1977 proposal : Volume 1 Author: U.S. International Biological Program. Coniferous Forest Biome The Coniferous Forest Biome was initially funded in 1970 by the National Science Foundation as a large-scale, interdisciplinary, interinstitutional research program to study coniferous forest and associated aquatic ecosystems. It was initiated as one of the Integrated Research Programs in the Ecosystem Analysis Section of the U.S./International Biological Program (US/IBP). The IBP was generated in response to a need to solve the major problems confronting mankind: rapidly increasing population, food and fiber shortages, and environmental degradation. Its major theme was "determination of the biological basis for productivity and human welfare." The US/IBP is sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council and terminates on 30 June 1974. This proposal requests continued support in the post-IBP period from 1 January 1975 to 31 December 1977. Our initial proposals were developed around the need for developing new approaches and theory in ecology and concentrated on integrating knowledge of the structure and function of selected terrestrial and linked aquatic ecosystems. Development of ecosystem theory is needed to forward basic ecological science and for practical land management purposes. This proposal emphasizes further extension of Biome research in space and time dimensions from the data base and theoretical understanding of coniferous forest ecosystems gained to date. This will be accomplished through studies that will be conducted at the stand, watershed, regional, ecosystem interaction, lake and stream integration levels. Modeling will be used as an integrating mechanism at each of the levels. The proposal is presented in three volumes. Volume 1 (parts 1 and 2) describes our research rationale, our proposed research in relation to our findings, research management, application of Biome results, budgets, and project summaries. Volume 2 (parts 3-5) represents an initial synthesis of program results to date. Part 3 describes the structure and dynamics of natural coniferous ecosystems in the Biome with emphasis on the Douglas-fir region. Modeling has been used as our major integrating mechanism. Part 4 is devoted to discussion of what we have learned about integrating ecosystem studies through modeling. We have just initiated studies on the behavior of stressed (e.g., insect defoliated) and manipulated (e.g., fertilized) ecosystems, and the preliminary information we have gained in this area is presented in part 5. In this discussion our findings are compared with the findings of other researchers where possible. There are many gaps in our knowledge of the effects of stress and manipulation on coniferous forest ecosystems, and as a result we have proposed research in that area. Volume 3 consists of the Appendix (part 6), which includes a list of Biome publications (contributions, bulletins, and internal reports), a section on model documentation, and curriculum vitae. The section on model documentation is particularly important since it provides a framework for evaluating complicated models by biologists and modelers alike. Close