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• 1. [Article] Mechanized felling in the Pacific Northwest : existing and future technology

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mechanized felling in the Pacific Northwest : existing and future technology Author: Brink, Michael, Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) Title: Mechanized felling in the Pacific Northwest : existing and future technology Author: Brink, Michael, Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) Close

• 2. [Article] Skyline thinning a western hemlock-Sitka spruce stand : harvesting costs and stand damage

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Skyline thinning a western hemlock-Sitka spruce stand : harvesting costs and stand damage Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hargrave, Michael A., Olsen, Eldon D., Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) Title: Skyline thinning a western hemlock-Sitka spruce stand : harvesting costs and stand damage Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hargrave, Michael A., Olsen, Eldon D., Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) Close

• 3. [Article] Increasing the productivity of a small yarder : crew size, skidder swinging, hot thinning

  The production rates and costs of harvesting smallwood were determined for a small yarder (Koller K-300) operating under variable conditions: the size of the crew, the addition of a skidder to swing logs ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Increasing the productivity of a small yarder : crew size, skidder swinging, hot thinning Author: Olsen, Eldon D., Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.), Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory The production rates and costs of harvesting smallwood were determined for a small yarder (Koller K-300) operating under variable conditions: the size of the crew, the addition of a skidder to swing logs from the landing, and the type of harvest method-employed, either conventional or hot thinning (simultaneous felling and yarding of whole trees). Regression equations are presented for the felling, yarding, swinging, and loading cycles of each harvest method. Title: Increasing the productivity of a small yarder : crew size, skidder swinging, hot thinning Author: Olsen, Eldon D., Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.), Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory The production rates and costs of harvesting smallwood were determined for a small yarder (Koller K-300) operating under variable conditions: the size of the crew, the addition of a skidder to swing logs from the landing, and the type of harvest method-employed, either conventional or hot thinning (simultaneous felling and yarding of whole trees). Regression equations are presented for the felling, yarding, swinging, and loading cycles of each harvest method. Close

• 4. [Article] Terminology of ground-based mechanized logging in the Pacific Northwest

  "The purpose of this publication is to compile a standardized set of terminology for mechanized logging machinery and logging methods for the Pacific Northwest. While other organizations have produced ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Terminology of ground-based mechanized logging in the Pacific Northwest Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Studier, Donald D., Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.), Bettinger, Pete, 1962- "The purpose of this publication is to compile a standardized set of terminology for mechanized logging machinery and logging methods for the Pacific Northwest. While other organizations have produced similar works with either a wider or narrower focus (Dean and Evans 1978, Mifflin and Lysons 1979, Ford-Robertson 1983, Granvik et al. 1983, American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1991, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1991), this publication is limited to mechanized logging equipment and logging methods. Terminology from Scandinavian and Canadian organizations, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and various U.S. organizations was compiled and synthesized into the terminology that follows. The publication is divided into sections on machinery and operations and on logging systems."--Introduction Title: Terminology of ground-based mechanized logging in the Pacific Northwest Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Studier, Donald D., Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.), Bettinger, Pete, 1962- "The purpose of this publication is to compile a standardized set of terminology for mechanized logging machinery and logging methods for the Pacific Northwest. While other organizations have produced similar works with either a wider or narrower focus (Dean and Evans 1978, Mifflin and Lysons 1979, Ford-Robertson 1983, Granvik et al. 1983, American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1991, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1991), this publication is limited to mechanized logging equipment and logging methods. Terminology from Scandinavian and Canadian organizations, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and various U.S. organizations was compiled and synthesized into the terminology that follows. The publication is divided into sections on machinery and operations and on logging systems."--Introduction Close

• 5. [Article] Key issues and future directions of mechanized harvesting : discussions and guidance from working groups

  Recognition of the problems and opportunities in mechanized harvesting should help in development of solutions and maximum realization of its potential. This paper presents feedback from five working groups, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Key issues and future directions of mechanized harvesting : discussions and guidance from working groups Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Olsen, Eldon D., Bettinger, Pete, 1962-, Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) Recognition of the problems and opportunities in mechanized harvesting should help in development of solutions and maximum realization of its potential. This paper presents feedback from five working groups, the members of which were involved in mechanized harvesting issues with various organizations in the Pacific Northwest. The groups identified needs and assigned priorities for research in all areas of mechanized harvesting. Most participants thought the working groups were effective. Suggestions for future workshops included encouraging a broader mix of participants, scheduling a longer session for working groups, and providing more guidance to summarizers. Plans for future studies and stronger interactions with other interests in the forest industry may develop from suggestions of the working groups. Title: Key issues and future directions of mechanized harvesting : discussions and guidance from working groups Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Olsen, Eldon D., Bettinger, Pete, 1962-, Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) Recognition of the problems and opportunities in mechanized harvesting should help in development of solutions and maximum realization of its potential. This paper presents feedback from five working groups, the members of which were involved in mechanized harvesting issues with various organizations in the Pacific Northwest. The groups identified needs and assigned priorities for research in all areas of mechanized harvesting. Most participants thought the working groups were effective. Suggestions for future workshops included encouraging a broader mix of participants, scheduling a longer session for working groups, and providing more guidance to summarizers. Plans for future studies and stronger interactions with other interests in the forest industry may develop from suggestions of the working groups. Close

• 6. [Article] Machines and techniques for skyline yarding of smallwood

  Research on skyline machines and techniques currently available for yarding smallwood is reviewed. Three categories of machines are discussed: used yarders (with a low initial cost) adaptable to smallwood, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Machines and techniques for skyline yarding of smallwood Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) Research on skyline machines and techniques currently available for yarding smallwood is reviewed. Three categories of machines are discussed: used yarders (with a low initial cost) adaptable to smallwood, new and versatile yarders (with a high Initial cost) manufactured in the United States, and new, foreign-built yarders (with a low initial cost) specifically developed for smallwood. Used, inexpensive yarders can be a viable option for yarding smallwood, but carriage selection and timber size are important considerations. Prebunching small logs with a separate, low-cost system can increase yarding production and lower harvesting costs incurred with expensive new yarders. Proper determination of crew size and equipment balance can produce more cost-effective use of new, low-cost yarders. Because smallwood logging will increase in the Pacific Northwest as log diameter continues to drop, additional research and evaluation to Improve the effectiveness of machines and techniques is essential. Title: Machines and techniques for skyline yarding of smallwood Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) Research on skyline machines and techniques currently available for yarding smallwood is reviewed. Three categories of machines are discussed: used yarders (with a low initial cost) adaptable to smallwood, new and versatile yarders (with a high Initial cost) manufactured in the United States, and new, foreign-built yarders (with a low initial cost) specifically developed for smallwood. Used, inexpensive yarders can be a viable option for yarding smallwood, but carriage selection and timber size are important considerations. Prebunching small logs with a separate, low-cost system can increase yarding production and lower harvesting costs incurred with expensive new yarders. Proper determination of crew size and equipment balance can produce more cost-effective use of new, low-cost yarders. Because smallwood logging will increase in the Pacific Northwest as log diameter continues to drop, additional research and evaluation to Improve the effectiveness of machines and techniques is essential. Close

• 7. [Article] Thinning young timber stands in mountainous terrain

  The Forest Engineering Department, Oregon State University, has evaluated several systems for thinning young timber stands on steep terrain. Stands averaged 35 to 40 years old and 25.4 to 35.6 cm (10-14 ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Thinning young timber stands in mountainous terrain Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) The Forest Engineering Department, Oregon State University, has evaluated several systems for thinning young timber stands on steep terrain. Stands averaged 35 to 40 years old and 25.4 to 35.6 cm (10-14 in.) dbh. Approximately 40 percent of the stems per hectare were removed in the thinning operations. This paper discusses research findings from 1972 to 1979 on felling and bucking as well as yarding. Felling and bucking production increased with thinning intensity. Tractor yarding production decreased with increasing slope percent. Total skyline logging cost ranged from 1.5 to 1.67 times that of tractor logging on slopes up to 40 percent. Prebunching logs to the skyline corridor increased yarding production for the machine on the landing. Using intermediate supports has extended yarding distances on convex slopes for short towers such as the Igland-Jones Trailer Alp. Title: Thinning young timber stands in mountainous terrain Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) The Forest Engineering Department, Oregon State University, has evaluated several systems for thinning young timber stands on steep terrain. Stands averaged 35 to 40 years old and 25.4 to 35.6 cm (10-14 in.) dbh. Approximately 40 percent of the stems per hectare were removed in the thinning operations. This paper discusses research findings from 1972 to 1979 on felling and bucking as well as yarding. Felling and bucking production increased with thinning intensity. Tractor yarding production decreased with increasing slope percent. Total skyline logging cost ranged from 1.5 to 1.67 times that of tractor logging on slopes up to 40 percent. Prebunching logs to the skyline corridor increased yarding production for the machine on the landing. Using intermediate supports has extended yarding distances on convex slopes for short towers such as the Igland-Jones Trailer Alp. Close

• 8. [Article] Logging planning and layout costs for thinning : experience from the Willamette Young Stand Project

  Logging planning and layout costs were examined for commercial thinning of 40- to 50-yr-old stands of Douglas-fir on the Willamette National Forest in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. The study consisted ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Logging planning and layout costs for thinning : experience from the Willamette Young Stand Project Author: Milota, Ginger, Stringham, Bennett, Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) Logging planning and layout costs were examined for commercial thinning of 40- to 50-yr-old stands of Douglas-fir on the Willamette National Forest in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. The study consisted of four replications of three silvicultural treatments. Thinning involved three types of logging systems: mechanized cut-to-length (a combination of single-grip harvester and forwarder), tractor, and skyline. Data for the study came from two sources: activities completed by the Forest Service in preparing sales for bid, and the layout completed by the logging contractor after a contract was awarded. Planning and layout costs showed no consistent relationship to type of silvicultural treatment. Logging contractor layout costs showed a relationship to type of logging system: the mechanized system had the lowest layout cost, followed by the tractor systems, with the skyline systems having the highest costs. Title: Logging planning and layout costs for thinning : experience from the Willamette Young Stand Project Author: Milota, Ginger, Stringham, Bennett, Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) Logging planning and layout costs were examined for commercial thinning of 40- to 50-yr-old stands of Douglas-fir on the Willamette National Forest in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. The study consisted of four replications of three silvicultural treatments. Thinning involved three types of logging systems: mechanized cut-to-length (a combination of single-grip harvester and forwarder), tractor, and skyline. Data for the study came from two sources: activities completed by the Forest Service in preparing sales for bid, and the layout completed by the logging contractor after a contract was awarded. Planning and layout costs showed no consistent relationship to type of silvicultural treatment. Logging contractor layout costs showed a relationship to type of logging system: the mechanized system had the lowest layout cost, followed by the tractor systems, with the skyline systems having the highest costs. Close

• 9. [Article] Skyline thinning production and costs : experience from the Willamette Young Stand Project

  Production rates and costs for skyline harvesting were examined over a range of residual thinning intensities, operational methods, and sites. The sites included three stands of 40- to 50-yr-old Douglas-fir ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Skyline thinning production and costs : experience from the Willamette Young Stand Project Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Miller, Mark E., Olsen, Eldon D., Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) Production rates and costs for skyline harvesting were examined over a range of residual thinning intensities, operational methods, and sites. The sites included three stands of 40- to 50-yr-old Douglas-fir on the Willamette National Forest in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Three silvicultural treatments were studied at two sites, and one silvicultural treatment at the third site. Detailed time studies were conducted on manual felling and uphill skyline yarding with small or mid-size yarders. Separate regression equations were developed to predict delay-free felling cycle time and delay-free yarding cycle time at each site. The three silvicultural treatments had no consistent influence on production rates and costs, because the initial stocking levels varied among treatments and the volume harvested did not necessarily correspond to the silvicultural treatment. Cost differences within sites, where operational methods were uniform, were small. Cost differences among sites for each activity, such as felling or yarding, were larger because of differences in operational methods. Total harvesting costs among the three sites were similar, ranging from $58 to $64/100 ft³. Title: Skyline thinning production and costs : experience from the Willamette Young Stand Project Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Miller, Mark E., Olsen, Eldon D., Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) Production rates and costs for skyline harvesting were examined over a range of residual thinning intensities, operational methods, and sites. The sites included three stands of 40- to 50-yr-old Douglas-fir on the Willamette National Forest in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Three silvicultural treatments were studied at two sites, and one silvicultural treatment at the third site. Detailed time studies were conducted on manual felling and uphill skyline yarding with small or mid-size yarders. Separate regression equations were developed to predict delay-free felling cycle time and delay-free yarding cycle time at each site. The three silvicultural treatments had no consistent influence on production rates and costs, because the initial stocking levels varied among treatments and the volume harvested did not necessarily correspond to the silvicultural treatment. Cost differences within sites, where operational methods were uniform, were small. Cost differences among sites for each activity, such as felling or yarding, were larger because of differences in operational methods. Total harvesting costs among the three sites were similar, ranging from $58 to $64/100 ft³. Close

• 10. [Article] Practical methodology for operational layout of commercial skyline thinning systems

  On-the-ground harvest unit layout, especially in skyline-thinning operations, is critical to meeting multiple resource objectives of the land manager and maintaining the economic viability of the timber ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Practical methodology for operational layout of commercial skyline thinning systems Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Cornell, Jennie L., Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) On-the-ground harvest unit layout, especially in skyline-thinning operations, is critical to meeting multiple resource objectives of the land manager and maintaining the economic viability of the timber harvesting operator. This phase of an operation can optimize the layout and harvesting of a sale or unit. Detailed layout by a knowledgeable professional can help to identify areas in the sale or unit that may be operationally or economically unfeasible to thin. This publication is an overview of practical methodology aspects for the layout of skyline thinning operations. The information presented is drawn largely from the personal experiences of the authors, the individuals cited, and publications from research at Oregon State University. The publication provides a general outline of the components of the overall planning process that results in the implementation of skyline thinning operations on the ground. Title: Practical methodology for operational layout of commercial skyline thinning systems Author: Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Cornell, Jennie L., Kellogg, L. D. (Loren D.) On-the-ground harvest unit layout, especially in skyline-thinning operations, is critical to meeting multiple resource objectives of the land manager and maintaining the economic viability of the timber harvesting operator. This phase of an operation can optimize the layout and harvesting of a sale or unit. Detailed layout by a knowledgeable professional can help to identify areas in the sale or unit that may be operationally or economically unfeasible to thin. This publication is an overview of practical methodology aspects for the layout of skyline thinning operations. The information presented is drawn largely from the personal experiences of the authors, the individuals cited, and publications from research at Oregon State University. The publication provides a general outline of the components of the overall planning process that results in the implementation of skyline thinning operations on the ground. Close