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• 21. [Article] Equations and tables predicting gross total stem volumes in cubic feet for six major conifers of southwest Oregon

  Equations and tables predicting gross total stem volumes in cubic feet are presented for Douglas-fir, grand fir, white fir, ponderosa pine, sugar pine, and incense-cedar. The data were gathered in second-growth, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Equations and tables predicting gross total stem volumes in cubic feet for six major conifers of southwest Oregon Author: Clyde, Merlise A., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Walters, David K., Hann, David W. Equations and tables predicting gross total stem volumes in cubic feet are presented for Douglas-fir, grand fir, white fir, ponderosa pine, sugar pine, and incense-cedar. The data were gathered in second-growth, mixed-conifer stands of southwest Oregon. The basic equations use diameter outside bark at breast height and total tree height as independent variables. Tables and additional equations were developed that incorporate crown ratio for Douglas-fir, grand fir, and white fir. Equations that predict stump diameter, volume below breast height, and volume above breast height also are developed and presented for each species. Title: Equations and tables predicting gross total stem volumes in cubic feet for six major conifers of southwest Oregon Author: Clyde, Merlise A., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Walters, David K., Hann, David W. Equations and tables predicting gross total stem volumes in cubic feet are presented for Douglas-fir, grand fir, white fir, ponderosa pine, sugar pine, and incense-cedar. The data were gathered in second-growth, mixed-conifer stands of southwest Oregon. The basic equations use diameter outside bark at breast height and total tree height as independent variables. Tables and additional equations were developed that incorporate crown ratio for Douglas-fir, grand fir, and white fir. Equations that predict stump diameter, volume below breast height, and volume above breast height also are developed and presented for each species. Close

• 22. [Article] A key to the literature on forest growth and yield in the Pacific Northwest, 1910-1981

  Tables are presented that summarize 108 published articles on forest growth and yield in the Pacific Northwest. Each table describes the form of the information presented, the species to which the information is ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A key to the literature on forest growth and yield in the Pacific Northwest, 1910-1981 Author: Riitters, K. H. (Kurt H.), Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Tables are presented that summarize 108 published articles on forest growth and yield in the Pacific Northwest. Each table describes the form of the information presented, the species to which the information is applicable, the data sources used to develop the information, the data needed to predict growth and yield, and the form of the predicted data. Title: A key to the literature on forest growth and yield in the Pacific Northwest, 1910-1981 Author: Riitters, K. H. (Kurt H.), Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Tables are presented that summarize 108 published articles on forest growth and yield in the Pacific Northwest. Each table describes the form of the information presented, the species to which the information is applicable, the data sources used to develop the information, the data needed to predict growth and yield, and the form of the predicted data. Close

• 23. [Article] Mortality equations for individual trees in the mixed-conifer zone of southwest Oregon

  Models of stand growth and yield must include an estimate of mortality. For individual-tree/distance-independent growth-and-yield models. it is necessary (1) to predict the probability of death of individual ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Mortality equations for individual trees in the mixed-conifer zone of southwest Oregon Author: Wang, Chao-huan, Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Models of stand growth and yield must include an estimate of mortality. For individual-tree/distance-independent growth-and-yield models. it is necessary (1) to predict the probability of death of individual trees and (2) to keep stand projections within reasonable biological limits (e.g., the maximum basal area that the stand can achieve). In this study, the probability of death of an individual tree is predicted by a logistic equation with coefficients estimated for tree species growing in the mixed-conifer zone of southwest Oregon. Overall stand projections are controlled by use of sizedensity trajectories that govern the approach of the stand to the maximum size-density line. Title: Mortality equations for individual trees in the mixed-conifer zone of southwest Oregon Author: Wang, Chao-huan, Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Models of stand growth and yield must include an estimate of mortality. For individual-tree/distance-independent growth-and-yield models. it is necessary (1) to predict the probability of death of individual trees and (2) to keep stand projections within reasonable biological limits (e.g., the maximum basal area that the stand can achieve). In this study, the probability of death of an individual tree is predicted by a logistic equation with coefficients estimated for tree species growing in the mixed-conifer zone of southwest Oregon. Overall stand projections are controlled by use of sizedensity trajectories that govern the approach of the stand to the maximum size-density line. Close

• 24. [Article] Height-diameter equations for sixteen tree species in the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon

  Equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter outside bark at breast height are presented for 16 tree species from the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon. Foresters can use these ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Height-diameter equations for sixteen tree species in the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon Author: Wang, Chao-huan, Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter outside bark at breast height are presented for 16 tree species from the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon. Foresters can use these "height-diameter" equations to avoid the time consuming task of measuring heights of all individual trees in an inventory, a stand exam, or a timber cruise. Equation coefficients were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. Because site index can influence height, alternative equations including transformations of site index as an independent variable also are presented for 6 of these 16 species. Title: Height-diameter equations for sixteen tree species in the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon Author: Wang, Chao-huan, Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter outside bark at breast height are presented for 16 tree species from the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon. Foresters can use these "height-diameter" equations to avoid the time consuming task of measuring heights of all individual trees in an inventory, a stand exam, or a timber cruise. Equation coefficients were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. Because site index can influence height, alternative equations including transformations of site index as an independent variable also are presented for 6 of these 16 species. Close

• 25. [Article] Height-diameter equations for seventeen tree species in southwest Oregon

  Equations for predicting total height as a function of diameter at breast height are presented for 17 tree species from southwest Oregon. Because basal area and site index often influence tree height, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Height-diameter equations for seventeen tree species in southwest Oregon Author: Larsen, David R., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Equations for predicting total height as a function of diameter at breast height are presented for 17 tree species from southwest Oregon. Because basal area and site index often influence tree height, additional equations are presented which may include either or both of these as independent variables. Equation coefficients were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques and validated on an independent data set. When tree heights are not measured in stand exams or inventories, these equations are useful for estimating height or, indirectly, height growth. Title: Height-diameter equations for seventeen tree species in southwest Oregon Author: Larsen, David R., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Equations for predicting total height as a function of diameter at breast height are presented for 17 tree species from southwest Oregon. Because basal area and site index often influence tree height, additional equations are presented which may include either or both of these as independent variables. Equation coefficients were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques and validated on an independent data set. When tree heights are not measured in stand exams or inventories, these equations are useful for estimating height or, indirectly, height growth. Close

• 26. [Article] Enhanced diameter-growth-rate equations for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon

  Equations for predicting the 5-yr diameter-growth rate of a tree are presented for eight conifer and nine hardwood tree species from southwest Oregon. Equation parameters for undamaged and damaged trees ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Enhanced diameter-growth-rate equations for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Equations for predicting the 5-yr diameter-growth rate of a tree are presented for eight conifer and nine hardwood tree species from southwest Oregon. Equation parameters for undamaged and damaged trees combined were estimated by weighted nonlinear regression. The resulting equation for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] explained more than 71% of the variation when validated against an independent data set. These equations are being incorporated into the new edition of ORGANON for southwest Oregon, a model for predicting the development of stands. The equations extend the previous model to older stands and stands with a larger component of hardwood. We explored the effects of specific damaging agents on the 5-yr diameter-growth rates of the five most frequently encountered species and estimated damage correction factors. Damaging agents can impact 5-yr diameter-growth rate significantly and, as a result, can lead over time to diversification in stand structure. Therefore, full characterization of stand development should include prediction of the presence and frequency of the agents damaging trees within the stand and their impact on tree attributes such as total height, height-to-crown-base, diameter-growth rate, height-growth rate, and mortality rate. Title: Enhanced diameter-growth-rate equations for undamaged and damaged trees in southwest Oregon Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. Equations for predicting the 5-yr diameter-growth rate of a tree are presented for eight conifer and nine hardwood tree species from southwest Oregon. Equation parameters for undamaged and damaged trees combined were estimated by weighted nonlinear regression. The resulting equation for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] explained more than 71% of the variation when validated against an independent data set. These equations are being incorporated into the new edition of ORGANON for southwest Oregon, a model for predicting the development of stands. The equations extend the previous model to older stands and stands with a larger component of hardwood. We explored the effects of specific damaging agents on the 5-yr diameter-growth rates of the five most frequently encountered species and estimated damage correction factors. Damaging agents can impact 5-yr diameter-growth rate significantly and, as a result, can lead over time to diversification in stand structure. Therefore, full characterization of stand development should include prediction of the presence and frequency of the agents damaging trees within the stand and their impact on tree attributes such as total height, height-to-crown-base, diameter-growth rate, height-growth rate, and mortality rate. Close

• 27. [Article] Diameter growth equations for Douglas-fir and grand fir in the western Willamette Valley of Oregon

  "Equations for predicting diameter growth are an essential component of single-tree growth and yield models (Munro 1974). Diameter growth predictions are used to characterize individual-tree development ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Diameter growth equations for Douglas-fir and grand fir in the western Willamette Valley of Oregon Author: Zumrawi, Abdel Azim, Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. "Equations for predicting diameter growth are an essential component of single-tree growth and yield models (Munro 1974). Diameter growth predictions are used to characterize individual-tree development and to project the growth of stand basal area and volume. Both diameter growth and basal area growth have been used as the dependent variable in modeling the development of a tree's diameter (Holdaway 1984, Ritchie and Hann 1985, Wykoff 1986, Wensel et al. 1987, Dolph 1988). The choice of which dependent variable to use has usually been suggested by the data, including the behavior of the residuals and the goodness-of-fit of the resulting equations. Ritchie and Hann (1985) developed nonlinear basal-area growth equations for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and grand fir (Abies grandis). It was intended that the equations would be used to predict individual- tree diameter growth in the western Willamette Valley version of ORGANON (Hann et al. 1992). However, Hann and Larsen (1991) found that using a basal-area growth equation to predict diameter growth could result in erratic and unreasonable predictions of diameter growth for trees with small diameters. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to develop diameter growth equations for Douglas-fir and grand fir in the western Willamette Valley of Oregon by using the equation form of Hann and Larsen (1991)."--Introduction Title: Diameter growth equations for Douglas-fir and grand fir in the western Willamette Valley of Oregon Author: Zumrawi, Abdel Azim, Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W. "Equations for predicting diameter growth are an essential component of single-tree growth and yield models (Munro 1974). Diameter growth predictions are used to characterize individual-tree development and to project the growth of stand basal area and volume. Both diameter growth and basal area growth have been used as the dependent variable in modeling the development of a tree's diameter (Holdaway 1984, Ritchie and Hann 1985, Wykoff 1986, Wensel et al. 1987, Dolph 1988). The choice of which dependent variable to use has usually been suggested by the data, including the behavior of the residuals and the goodness-of-fit of the resulting equations. Ritchie and Hann (1985) developed nonlinear basal-area growth equations for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and grand fir (Abies grandis). It was intended that the equations would be used to predict individual- tree diameter growth in the western Willamette Valley version of ORGANON (Hann et al. 1992). However, Hann and Larsen (1991) found that using a basal-area growth equation to predict diameter growth could result in erratic and unreasonable predictions of diameter growth for trees with small diameters. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to develop diameter growth equations for Douglas-fir and grand fir in the western Willamette Valley of Oregon by using the equation form of Hann and Larsen (1991)."--Introduction Close

• 28. [Article] Forest soil associations of southwest Oregon

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Forest soil associations of southwest Oregon Author: Hann, David W., Stearns-Smith, Stephen C., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Title: Forest soil associations of southwest Oregon Author: Hann, David W., Stearns-Smith, Stephen C., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory Close

• 29. [Article] Equations for predicting height-to-crown-base, 5-year diameter-growth rate, 5-year height-growth rate, 5-year mortality rate, and maximum size-density trajectory for Douglas-fir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest

  Using existing permanent research plot data, we developed equations for predicting height-to-crown-base (HCB), 5-yr diametergrowth rate (delta D), 5-yr height-growth rate (delta H), 5-yr mortality rate ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Equations for predicting height-to-crown-base, 5-year diameter-growth rate, 5-year height-growth rate, 5-year mortality rate, and maximum size-density trajectory for Douglas-fir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Using existing permanent research plot data, we developed equations for predicting height-to-crown-base (HCB), 5-yr diametergrowth rate (delta D), 5-yr height-growth rate (delta H), 5-yr mortality rate (PM), and the maximum size-density trajectory for Douglasfir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest. With the exception of the HCB equation, the equations developed for predicting trees from untreated plots agreed in predictive behavior with previously published equations for the study area. The HCB equation predicted shorter HCB (and therefore longer crown lengths [CL]) than previously published equations for the study area. Western hemlock showed no response to fertilization. Modifiers for fertilization response were incorporated into the final equations for predicting delta D, delta H, and PM in Douglas-fir. All three modifiers for Douglas-fir predicted an increase in growth and mortality rates with the amount of nitrogen applied and a decrease with number of years since fertilization, with most of the fertilization effect gone within 15 yr of application. For the delta D and delta H modifiers, the size of the increase varied by the site index (SI) of the plot, with plots of lower site quality showing greater increases. For delta D, fertilization response did not appear to vary by plot density, tree size, or tree position within the plot. Modifiers for thinning response were incorporated into the final equations for predicting tree delta D for both species and delta H for Douglas-fir. For both species, the delta D thinning-effects modifier predicted an increased growth rate with the proportion of the BA removed and a decrease with years since thinning; most of the thinning effect was gone within 10 yr. For Douglas-fir, the delta H thinning-effects modifier predicted a reduced growth rate immediately after thinning, with the size of the reduction increasing with the intensity of thinning. Most of the reduction was gone by about 10 yr. For Douglas-fir, the combined effect on delta D and delta H of applying both thinning and fertilization could be adequately characterized by the product of the thinning modifier and the fertilization modifier. The percent increase in predicted growth rate due to a combined treatment thus was greater than the sum of the percent increases for each treatment alone. Analysis of the maximum size-density trajectory data strongly suggests that plots of neither species approach a single maximum stand density index value (SDI) as they develop. The potential yield for a given site therefore depends, not only on its SI, but also on its maximum SDI. Fertilization does not appear to affect the intercept of the maximum size-density line for Douglas-fir. The strengths and weaknesses of the existing data sets and the modeling and analytical approaches tested during development of these equations are presented to aid future modelers, and alternative modeling approaches are explored. Title: Equations for predicting height-to-crown-base, 5-year diameter-growth rate, 5-year height-growth rate, 5-year mortality rate, and maximum size-density trajectory for Douglas-fir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Using existing permanent research plot data, we developed equations for predicting height-to-crown-base (HCB), 5-yr diametergrowth rate (delta D), 5-yr height-growth rate (delta H), 5-yr mortality rate (PM), and the maximum size-density trajectory for Douglasfir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest. With the exception of the HCB equation, the equations developed for predicting trees from untreated plots agreed in predictive behavior with previously published equations for the study area. The HCB equation predicted shorter HCB (and therefore longer crown lengths [CL]) than previously published equations for the study area. Western hemlock showed no response to fertilization. Modifiers for fertilization response were incorporated into the final equations for predicting delta D, delta H, and PM in Douglas-fir. All three modifiers for Douglas-fir predicted an increase in growth and mortality rates with the amount of nitrogen applied and a decrease with number of years since fertilization, with most of the fertilization effect gone within 15 yr of application. For the delta D and delta H modifiers, the size of the increase varied by the site index (SI) of the plot, with plots of lower site quality showing greater increases. For delta D, fertilization response did not appear to vary by plot density, tree size, or tree position within the plot. Modifiers for thinning response were incorporated into the final equations for predicting tree delta D for both species and delta H for Douglas-fir. For both species, the delta D thinning-effects modifier predicted an increased growth rate with the proportion of the BA removed and a decrease with years since thinning; most of the thinning effect was gone within 10 yr. For Douglas-fir, the delta H thinning-effects modifier predicted a reduced growth rate immediately after thinning, with the size of the reduction increasing with the intensity of thinning. Most of the reduction was gone by about 10 yr. For Douglas-fir, the combined effect on delta D and delta H of applying both thinning and fertilization could be adequately characterized by the product of the thinning modifier and the fertilization modifier. The percent increase in predicted growth rate due to a combined treatment thus was greater than the sum of the percent increases for each treatment alone. Analysis of the maximum size-density trajectory data strongly suggests that plots of neither species approach a single maximum stand density index value (SDI) as they develop. The potential yield for a given site therefore depends, not only on its SI, but also on its maximum SDI. Fertilization does not appear to affect the intercept of the maximum size-density line for Douglas-fir. The strengths and weaknesses of the existing data sets and the modeling and analytical approaches tested during development of these equations are presented to aid future modelers, and alternative modeling approaches are explored. Close

• 30. [Article] Reanalysis of the SMC-ORGANON equations for diameter-growth rate, height-growth rate, and mortality rate of Douglas-fir

  Using existing data from untreated research plots, we developed equations for predicting 5-yr diameter-growth rate (ΔD₅), 5-yr height-growth rate (ΔH₅), and 5-yr mortality rate (PM₅) for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Reanalysis of the SMC-ORGANON equations for diameter-growth rate, height-growth rate, and mortality rate of Douglas-fir Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Using existing data from untreated research plots, we developed equations for predicting 5-yr diameter-growth rate (ΔD₅), 5-yr height-growth rate (ΔH₅), and 5-yr mortality rate (PM₅) for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest. These equations are revisions of the equations constructed in 1995–1997 for the Stand Management Cooperative's (SMC) version of the ORGANON growth-and-yield model, and they have been developed with substantially larger and more comprehensive data sets than were available in 1995–1997. The new ΔD₅ and ΔH₅ equations were validated with an independent data set. The PM₅ equation was evaluated by comparing 100-yr predictions of Reineke's (1933) stand density index to behavior previously reported from measurements taken on long-term research plots. The new ΔD₅, ΔH₅, and PM₅ equations appear to be considerably superior in predictive ability and behavior to the original equations. The effects of the new equations on stand-level predictions were evaluated by comparing the maximum mean annual increments (MAI) in total stem volume (ft³) and associated rotation ages (RA) predicted from the original SMC-ORGANON model to predictions from the revised SMC-ORGANON model. This analysis was done by making 100-yr projections using 170 plots in young stands from the SMC data sets. Some of the ending values for average crown ratio (CR) after 100 yr of projection were near 15%, however, and predictions of basal area (BA) for some of these stands peaked and then declined over stand age. Substituting the HCB equation published by Hann and Hanus in 2004 for predicting crown recession (ΔHCB₅) eliminated the problem with BA peaking over stand age and resulted in somewhat larger average ending CRs. The 100-yr projections were then made again with the 2004 HCB equation of Hann and Hanus. On average, the revised model reduced RA by 2.1 yr (or 4.3%) and maximum MAI by 55.7 ft³/ac/yr (18.9%). Title: Reanalysis of the SMC-ORGANON equations for diameter-growth rate, height-growth rate, and mortality rate of Douglas-fir Author: Hanus, Mark L., Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory, Hann, David W., Marshall, David D. Using existing data from untreated research plots, we developed equations for predicting 5-yr diameter-growth rate (ΔD₅), 5-yr height-growth rate (ΔH₅), and 5-yr mortality rate (PM₅) for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest. These equations are revisions of the equations constructed in 1995–1997 for the Stand Management Cooperative's (SMC) version of the ORGANON growth-and-yield model, and they have been developed with substantially larger and more comprehensive data sets than were available in 1995–1997. The new ΔD₅ and ΔH₅ equations were validated with an independent data set. The PM₅ equation was evaluated by comparing 100-yr predictions of Reineke's (1933) stand density index to behavior previously reported from measurements taken on long-term research plots. The new ΔD₅, ΔH₅, and PM₅ equations appear to be considerably superior in predictive ability and behavior to the original equations. The effects of the new equations on stand-level predictions were evaluated by comparing the maximum mean annual increments (MAI) in total stem volume (ft³) and associated rotation ages (RA) predicted from the original SMC-ORGANON model to predictions from the revised SMC-ORGANON model. This analysis was done by making 100-yr projections using 170 plots in young stands from the SMC data sets. Some of the ending values for average crown ratio (CR) after 100 yr of projection were near 15%, however, and predictions of basal area (BA) for some of these stands peaked and then declined over stand age. Substituting the HCB equation published by Hann and Hanus in 2004 for predicting crown recession (ΔHCB₅) eliminated the problem with BA peaking over stand age and resulted in somewhat larger average ending CRs. The 100-yr projections were then made again with the 2004 HCB equation of Hann and Hanus. On average, the revised model reduced RA by 2.1 yr (or 4.3%) and maximum MAI by 55.7 ft³/ac/yr (18.9%). Close