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• 11. [Article] White Paper on Issues and Strategies for Building a State Transportation Framework

  The purpose of this white paper is to systematically re-examine transportation data sharing issues that have been discussed at length, but in a manner to foster final decisions and closure. In some cases, ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: White Paper on Issues and Strategies for Building a State Transportation Framework Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Bender, Paul Year: 2002 The purpose of this white paper is to systematically re-examine transportation data sharing issues that have been discussed at length, but in a manner to foster final decisions and closure. In some cases, choices among alternatives may require more detailed analysis or pilot studies. The development of this document has benefited from discussion at the Interorganizational Resource Information Coordinating Council (IRICC) Roads Committee, which has led to this consensus document. This sixth and final version serves to draw the process to a close and recommends a twofold approach to the development of a Transportation Framework. It also recommends six pilot studies to examine remaining issues in more detail. Title: White Paper on Issues and Strategies for Building a State Transportation Framework Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Bender, Paul Year: 2002 The purpose of this white paper is to systematically re-examine transportation data sharing issues that have been discussed at length, but in a manner to foster final decisions and closure. In some cases, choices among alternatives may require more detailed analysis or pilot studies. The development of this document has benefited from discussion at the Interorganizational Resource Information Coordinating Council (IRICC) Roads Committee, which has led to this consensus document. This sixth and final version serves to draw the process to a close and recommends a twofold approach to the development of a Transportation Framework. It also recommends six pilot studies to examine remaining issues in more detail. Close

• 12. [Article] Sharing Transportation GIS Data

  Updating and maintaining Geographic Information Systems-Transportation data (GIS-T data) is proving difficult. Different database formats needed to support diverse applications leads to inconsistencies ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Sharing Transportation GIS Data Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Bender, Paul, Zhang, Jihong Year: 2000 Updating and maintaining Geographic Information Systems-Transportation data (GIS-T data) is proving difficult. Different database formats needed to support diverse applications leads to inconsistencies and inaccuracies, and duplication in updating. Dueker and Butler (1998) have proposed an Enterprise GIS-T data model that unbundles the various components of transportation data (network links, cartography, and attributes) to facilitate generating application-specific networks, and which eases updating and maintenance. However, developers of existing application-specific databases that employ integrated data models that bundle the network link with cartography and attributes are reluctant to step back to an intermediate form for managing their data. Consequently, attention is given in this report to the development of a method of incorporating transportation system changes directly to existing application- specific networks. Title: Sharing Transportation GIS Data Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Bender, Paul, Zhang, Jihong Year: 2000 Updating and maintaining Geographic Information Systems-Transportation data (GIS-T data) is proving difficult. Different database formats needed to support diverse applications leads to inconsistencies and inaccuracies, and duplication in updating. Dueker and Butler (1998) have proposed an Enterprise GIS-T data model that unbundles the various components of transportation data (network links, cartography, and attributes) to facilitate generating application-specific networks, and which eases updating and maintenance. However, developers of existing application-specific databases that employ integrated data models that bundle the network link with cartography and attributes are reluctant to step back to an intermediate form for managing their data. Consequently, attention is given in this report to the development of a method of incorporating transportation system changes directly to existing application- specific networks. Close

• 13. [Article] A Proposed Method of Transportation Feature Identification

  Geographic information systems (GIS) are being increasingly deployed by transportation agencies to help them display, review, and utilize data. The primary items of interest are transportation facilities ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Proposed Method of Transportation Feature Identification Author: Butler, J. Allison, Dueker, Kenneth Year: 1998 Geographic information systems (GIS) are being increasingly deployed by transportation agencies to help them display, review, and utilize data. The primary items of interest are transportation facilities and services, which may take the form of highways, airports, bus routes, and seaports, among others. Using GIS software, transportation facilities are represented as geometric shapes; i.e., points, lines, and areas. However, it is increasingly apparent to GIS users in the field of transportation that a geometry-based approach is not sufficient. The offered solution is to develop a feature-based GIS approach for transportation. The central requirement of such an approach is to have an unambiguously identified set of transportation features and a means of locating related features and attributes on or adjacent to the transportation features. For linear transportation features, the common location referencing system (LRS) is also linear. Usually based on milepoint offsets from a beginning point, linear LRSs are widely used by transportation agencies to locate data stored in numerous legacy databases. Some agencies may have multiple linear LRSs for various applications or topical areas. Data users unfamiliar with linear LRSs have difficulty using highway data provided by transportation agencies, and the correlation of linear and non-linear LRSs is generally quite difficult. The result is that sharing of digital road map databases within and among organizations is difficult since there are no consistent ways of representing transportation features, and different decision rules exist as to what features to include and how they are identified. Numerous efforts are underway to develop a national standard for linear LRS design and implementation, including a set of field procedures to ensure that needed accuracy is achieved. This paper will describe a means to unambiguously define transportation features using a simple set of naming rules. These rules will support linear and other forms of LRS for all types of transportation features, including airports, seaports, railroads, highways, transit services, bridges, intersections, signs, and related facilities and services. Such features may be displayed at multiple scales as point, line, and area graphical objects. Title: A Proposed Method of Transportation Feature Identification Author: Butler, J. Allison, Dueker, Kenneth Year: 1998 Geographic information systems (GIS) are being increasingly deployed by transportation agencies to help them display, review, and utilize data. The primary items of interest are transportation facilities and services, which may take the form of highways, airports, bus routes, and seaports, among others. Using GIS software, transportation facilities are represented as geometric shapes; i.e., points, lines, and areas. However, it is increasingly apparent to GIS users in the field of transportation that a geometry-based approach is not sufficient. The offered solution is to develop a feature-based GIS approach for transportation. The central requirement of such an approach is to have an unambiguously identified set of transportation features and a means of locating related features and attributes on or adjacent to the transportation features. For linear transportation features, the common location referencing system (LRS) is also linear. Usually based on milepoint offsets from a beginning point, linear LRSs are widely used by transportation agencies to locate data stored in numerous legacy databases. Some agencies may have multiple linear LRSs for various applications or topical areas. Data users unfamiliar with linear LRSs have difficulty using highway data provided by transportation agencies, and the correlation of linear and non-linear LRSs is generally quite difficult. The result is that sharing of digital road map databases within and among organizations is difficult since there are no consistent ways of representing transportation features, and different decision rules exist as to what features to include and how they are identified. Numerous efforts are underway to develop a national standard for linear LRS design and implementation, including a set of field procedures to ensure that needed accuracy is achieved. This paper will describe a means to unambiguously define transportation features using a simple set of naming rules. These rules will support linear and other forms of LRS for all types of transportation features, including airports, seaports, railroads, highways, transit services, bridges, intersections, signs, and related facilities and services. Such features may be displayed at multiple scales as point, line, and area graphical objects. Close

• 14. [Article] A Framework for GIS-T Data Sharing

  This paper develops a framework and principles for sharing of transportation data. The framework is intended to clarify roles among participants, data producers, data integrators, and data users. The principles ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: A Framework for GIS-T Data Sharing Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Butler, J. Allison Year: 2000 This paper develops a framework and principles for sharing of transportation data. The framework is intended to clarify roles among participants, data producers, data integrators, and data users. The principles are intended to provide guidance for the participants. Both the framework and the principles are based on an enterprise GIS-T data model that defines relations among transportation data elements. The data model guards against ambiguities and provides a basis for the development of the framework and principles for sharing of transportation data. There are two central principles. First is the uncoupling of graphics, topology, position, and characteristics. Second is the establishment of a schema for transportation features and their identifiers. An underlying principle is the need for a common data model that holds transportation features—not their graphical representations—as the objects of interest. Attributes of transportation features are represented as linear and point events that are located along the feature using linear referencing. Sharing of transportation data involves exchange of relevant transportation features and events, not links and nodes of application-specific databases. Strategies for the sharing of transportation features follow from this approach. The key strategy is to identify features in the database to facilitate a transactional update system, one that does not require rebuilding the entire database anew. This feature-oriented enterprise GIS-T database becomes the basis for building separate application-specific network databases. Title: A Framework for GIS-T Data Sharing Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Butler, J. Allison Year: 2000 This paper develops a framework and principles for sharing of transportation data. The framework is intended to clarify roles among participants, data producers, data integrators, and data users. The principles are intended to provide guidance for the participants. Both the framework and the principles are based on an enterprise GIS-T data model that defines relations among transportation data elements. The data model guards against ambiguities and provides a basis for the development of the framework and principles for sharing of transportation data. There are two central principles. First is the uncoupling of graphics, topology, position, and characteristics. Second is the establishment of a schema for transportation features and their identifiers. An underlying principle is the need for a common data model that holds transportation features—not their graphical representations—as the objects of interest. Attributes of transportation features are represented as linear and point events that are located along the feature using linear referencing. Sharing of transportation data involves exchange of relevant transportation features and events, not links and nodes of application-specific databases. Strategies for the sharing of transportation features follow from this approach. The key strategy is to identify features in the database to facilitate a transactional update system, one that does not require rebuilding the entire database anew. This feature-oriented enterprise GIS-T database becomes the basis for building separate application-specific network databases. Close

• 15. [Article] Analysis of Design Attributes and Crashes on the Oregon Highway System

  Since the passage of the Highway Safety Act of 1966, state departments of transportation have engaged in systematic safety improvement planning and programming. According to Davis (2000), the general approach ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Analysis of Design Attributes and Crashes on the Oregon Highway System Author: Strathman, James G., Dueker, Kenneth, Zhang, Jihong, Williams, Timothy Year: 2001 Since the passage of the Highway Safety Act of 1966, state departments of transportation have engaged in systematic safety improvement planning and programming. According to Davis (2000), the general approach to safety improvement planning employed by most states follows six principal steps: 1. Identification of hazardous roadway locations using crash records; 2. Detailed engineering study of selected hazardous locations to identify roadway design problems; 3. Identification of potential countermeasures; 4. Assessment of the costs and benefits of potential countermeasures; 5. Implementation of countermeasures with the highest net benefits; 6. Assessment of countermeasure effectiveness following implementation. All planning processes are subject to uncertainty. In safety improvement planning, the determination of benefits from implementation of countermeasures depends greatly on projected crash reductions. Such projections are acknowledged to be the most uncertain element of the safety planning process (Pfefer et al., 1999). More than 25 years ago Laughland et al. (1975) identified the need for development of a national comprehensive set of crash reduction factors (CRFs) that states could employ in evaluating safety countermeasures. However, this need has not been addressed, and is not likely to be pursued (FHWA, 1991). As a result, states have been responsible for developing their own CRFs. Title: Analysis of Design Attributes and Crashes on the Oregon Highway System Author: Strathman, James G., Dueker, Kenneth, Zhang, Jihong, Williams, Timothy Year: 2001 Since the passage of the Highway Safety Act of 1966, state departments of transportation have engaged in systematic safety improvement planning and programming. According to Davis (2000), the general approach to safety improvement planning employed by most states follows six principal steps: 1. Identification of hazardous roadway locations using crash records; 2. Detailed engineering study of selected hazardous locations to identify roadway design problems; 3. Identification of potential countermeasures; 4. Assessment of the costs and benefits of potential countermeasures; 5. Implementation of countermeasures with the highest net benefits; 6. Assessment of countermeasure effectiveness following implementation. All planning processes are subject to uncertainty. In safety improvement planning, the determination of benefits from implementation of countermeasures depends greatly on projected crash reductions. Such projections are acknowledged to be the most uncertain element of the safety planning process (Pfefer et al., 1999). More than 25 years ago Laughland et al. (1975) identified the need for development of a national comprehensive set of crash reduction factors (CRFs) that states could employ in evaluating safety countermeasures. However, this need has not been addressed, and is not likely to be pursued (FHWA, 1991). As a result, states have been responsible for developing their own CRFs. Close

• 16. [Article] Development of a Statistical Algorithm for the Real-Time Prediction of Transit Vehicle Arrival Times Under Adverse Conditions

  Prior TransNow funded research by Portland State University (PSU) and the University of Washington (UW) in cooperation with Tri-Met, the transit provider for the Portland metropolitan area, has utilized ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Development of a Statistical Algorithm for the Real-Time Prediction of Transit Vehicle Arrival Times Under Adverse Conditions Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Kimpel, Thomas J., Strathman, James G. Year: 2001 Prior TransNow funded research by Portland State University (PSU) and the University of Washington (UW) in cooperation with Tri-Met, the transit provider for the Portland metropolitan area, has utilized a rich set of archived data from the Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)-based Bus Dispatch System (BDS). Tri-Met is one of the few transit agencies that archive AVL data for analysis and research. Title: Development of a Statistical Algorithm for the Real-Time Prediction of Transit Vehicle Arrival Times Under Adverse Conditions Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Kimpel, Thomas J., Strathman, James G. Year: 2001 Prior TransNow funded research by Portland State University (PSU) and the University of Washington (UW) in cooperation with Tri-Met, the transit provider for the Portland metropolitan area, has utilized a rich set of archived data from the Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)-based Bus Dispatch System (BDS). Tri-Met is one of the few transit agencies that archive AVL data for analysis and research. Close

• 17. [Article] Appraisal of University-Based Research in Urban Transportation

  University-based research in transportation, particularly urban transportation is in disarray. This disarray stems from a major decline in research funding in real terms available to universities and from ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Appraisal of University-Based Research in Urban Transportation Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Beimborn, Edward, Edner, Sheldon Year: 1987 University-based research in transportation, particularly urban transportation is in disarray. This disarray stems from a major decline in research funding in real terms available to universities and from a lack of a consistent policy and practice with respect to research in transportation. As a result, university researchers are pursuing new options for both basic and applied research in transportation. This paper sets forth issues involved in developing university-based research programs in transportation. Particularly, it argues for a more open and peer review based process for a basic transportation research program. This paper provides a context for needed assessment of the university role in such research. The effort should also include u.s. DOT and TRB. There is also a need to distinguish among basic and policy research, training, and technology transfer and provide coherent programs for each. Title: Appraisal of University-Based Research in Urban Transportation Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Beimborn, Edward, Edner, Sheldon Year: 1987 University-based research in transportation, particularly urban transportation is in disarray. This disarray stems from a major decline in research funding in real terms available to universities and from a lack of a consistent policy and practice with respect to research in transportation. As a result, university researchers are pursuing new options for both basic and applied research in transportation. This paper sets forth issues involved in developing university-based research programs in transportation. Particularly, it argues for a more open and peer review based process for a basic transportation research program. This paper provides a context for needed assessment of the university role in such research. The effort should also include u.s. DOT and TRB. There is also a need to distinguish among basic and policy research, training, and technology transfer and provide coherent programs for each. Close

• 18. [Article] Implementation and Database Issues Involved in Enhanced 9-1-1 Emergency Services and Rural Addressing Systems

  The purpose of this paper is to explore the transition from the 9-1-1 single number emergency service request system to an enhanced single number system. An enhanced system is one that displays the address ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Implementation and Database Issues Involved in Enhanced 9-1-1 Emergency Services and Rural Addressing Systems Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Mason, George, Jennings, Rodney Year: 1989 The purpose of this paper is to explore the transition from the 9-1-1 single number emergency service request system to an enhanced single number system. An enhanced system is one that displays the address of the telephone which is being used to report an emergency and uses that address to identify the correct unit for dispatch. Though the technology has been available for some time now, surprisingly few enhanced systems have been fully installed. Telephone company franchise and jurisdictional boundaries rarely coincide, making it difficult to achieve cooperation in bringing together governments and competitive telephone companies. Outlined below is an attempt to structure this problem in a broad context, which can be used to develop statewide policies, standards, and procedures. Title: Implementation and Database Issues Involved in Enhanced 9-1-1 Emergency Services and Rural Addressing Systems Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Mason, George, Jennings, Rodney Year: 1989 The purpose of this paper is to explore the transition from the 9-1-1 single number emergency service request system to an enhanced single number system. An enhanced system is one that displays the address of the telephone which is being used to report an emergency and uses that address to identify the correct unit for dispatch. Though the technology has been available for some time now, surprisingly few enhanced systems have been fully installed. Telephone company franchise and jurisdictional boundaries rarely coincide, making it difficult to achieve cooperation in bringing together governments and competitive telephone companies. Outlined below is an attempt to structure this problem in a broad context, which can be used to develop statewide policies, standards, and procedures. Close

• 19. [Article] Impact of the Urban Growth Boundary on Metropolitan Housing Markets

  As required by state law, Metro has conducted an "Urban Growth Report" and a "Housing Needs Analysis" to determine whether the currant Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) surrounding the Portland metropolitan ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Impact of the Urban Growth Boundary on Metropolitan Housing Markets Author: Mildner, Gerard C., Dueker, Kenneth, Rufolo, Anthony M. Year: 1996 As required by state law, Metro has conducted an "Urban Growth Report" and a "Housing Needs Analysis" to determine whether the currant Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) surrounding the Portland metropolitan area is sufficient to handle the increase in population and number of households expected over the next 20 years. Mr. Don Morissette commissioned Portland State University's Center for Urban Studies to assess whether the techniques used in theses two studies were appropriate and to assess the impact of the UGB on housing markets in the Portland metropolitan area generally. The focus will be be on the impact of the UGB and other land use regulations on the availability of land for development, the achievable density, as well as land and housing prices. As such, much of this report is a review and techniques used by Metro rather than primary data collection. However, some review of public data on housing construction, zoning, and prices was done as part of this study. Title: Impact of the Urban Growth Boundary on Metropolitan Housing Markets Author: Mildner, Gerard C., Dueker, Kenneth, Rufolo, Anthony M. Year: 1996 As required by state law, Metro has conducted an "Urban Growth Report" and a "Housing Needs Analysis" to determine whether the currant Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) surrounding the Portland metropolitan area is sufficient to handle the increase in population and number of households expected over the next 20 years. Mr. Don Morissette commissioned Portland State University's Center for Urban Studies to assess whether the techniques used in theses two studies were appropriate and to assess the impact of the UGB on housing markets in the Portland metropolitan area generally. The focus will be be on the impact of the UGB and other land use regulations on the availability of land for development, the achievable density, as well as land and housing prices. As such, much of this report is a review and techniques used by Metro rather than primary data collection. However, some review of public data on housing construction, zoning, and prices was done as part of this study. Close

• 20. [Article] Issues in Design of a Multipurpose Cadastre

  This paper summarizes a discussion of some of the technical issues which appeared in a report prepared during January-July 1985, by a team of researchers from Port.land State University's Center for Urban ...

  Citation × Citation Citation Abstract Copy Title: Issues in Design of a Multipurpose Cadastre Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Kjerne, Daniel, Conrad, Lawrence M. Year: 1985 This paper summarizes a discussion of some of the technical issues which appeared in a report prepared during January-July 1985, by a team of researchers from Port.land State University's Center for Urban Studies under a contract for the Department of Assessment and Taxation of Multnomah County, Oregon. The complete report also covered user needs as identified through a series of interviews of agencies making use of assessor maps. At some time in the next two or three years, Multnomah County will be eligible for assistance from the Oregon State Department of Revenue (DOR) in reconstructing its cadastral mapping system. Both the county and the DOR are vitally interested in upgrading their respective capabilities for handling cadastral data. First, though, it will be necessary to thoroughly understand just what is involved in developing and maintaining cadastral maps, and whether the multipurpose cadastre, or a broader land information system, is warranted at this time. The research, and resulting report, are a first step in that process of gaining understanding. Title: Issues in Design of a Multipurpose Cadastre Author: Dueker, Kenneth, Kjerne, Daniel, Conrad, Lawrence M. Year: 1985 This paper summarizes a discussion of some of the technical issues which appeared in a report prepared during January-July 1985, by a team of researchers from Port.land State University's Center for Urban Studies under a contract for the Department of Assessment and Taxation of Multnomah County, Oregon. The complete report also covered user needs as identified through a series of interviews of agencies making use of assessor maps. At some time in the next two or three years, Multnomah County will be eligible for assistance from the Oregon State Department of Revenue (DOR) in reconstructing its cadastral mapping system. Both the county and the DOR are vitally interested in upgrading their respective capabilities for handling cadastral data. First, though, it will be necessary to thoroughly understand just what is involved in developing and maintaining cadastral maps, and whether the multipurpose cadastre, or a broader land information system, is warranted at this time. The research, and resulting report, are a first step in that process of gaining understanding. Close